device access infrastructure internet shortage

The gap

Supporting evidence — 2 representative gaps

• Leveraging Technology for Improved Service Delivery: Anganwadi Workers in Malappuram Bridge Digital divide to Utilize Communication Technologies (2026) · doi

  While 73% of workers report challenges with device shortage and internet access, the paper does not provide detailed mechanisms or solutions to address these infrastructure barriers.

  Keywords: workers report challenges device shortage internet access provide detailed mechanisms solutions address infrastructure barriers
• The silent barrier: how technology anxiety shapes AI adoption in rural classrooms in the western zone of Sabah (2026) · doi

  While the study found no significant difference in technology anxiety based on teacher gender or teaching experience, the rural-urban divide showed significant differences (82.1% internet access in rural vs 98.2% in urban areas; 40.2% device readiness in Ranau vs 71.4% in Penampang). Future studies should investigate whether the rural infrastructure gap (internet connectivity, device availability, technical support) acts as a confounding variable masking gender and experience effects that might emerge under equalized infrastructure conditions.

  Keywords: technology anxiety rural urban infrastructure internet connectivity device readiness technical support