Abstract In contrast to upland croplands, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission from soils has rarely been investigated previously in fields with paddy rice cultivation.

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• Soil salinization in agriculture: Mitigation and adaptation strategies combining nature-based solutions and bioengineering (2024) · doi

  mediates the impacts of soil aggregate size on greenhouse gas emissions. Geoderma 401, 115342. 58. Suriyagoda, L., De Costa, W.A.J.M., and Lambers, H. (2014). Growth and phosphorus nutrition of rice when inorganic fertiliser application is partly replaced by straw under varying moisture availability in sandy and clay soils. Plant Soil 384, 53–68. 59. Xue, B., Huang, L., Li, X., Lu, J., Gao, R., and Kamran, M. (2022). Straw residue incorporation and potassium fertilization enhances soil aggregate stability by altering soil content of iron oxide and organic carbon in a rice–rape cropping system. Land Degrad. Dev. 33, 2567–2584. 60. Ma, J., Xu, H., Yagi, K., and Cai, Z. (2008). Methane emission from paddy soils as affected by wheat straw returning mode. Plant Soil 313, 167–174. 61. Su, W., Lu, J., Wang, W., Li, X., Ren, T., and Cong, R. (2014). Influence of rice straw mulching on seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in intensive rice–oilseed rape cropping system. Field Crops Res. 159, 53–61. 62. Etesami, H., and Maheshwari, D.K. (2018). Use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) with multiple plant growth promoting traits in stress agriculture: Action mechanisms and future prospects. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 156, 225–246. 63. Orhan, F. (2021). Potential of Halophilic/

  Keywords: soil rice straw plant growth rape aggregate soils cropping system oilseed promoting mediates impacts size
• Seasonal and diurnal variations in net carbon dioxide flux throughout the year from soil in paddy field (2014) · doi

  Abstract In contrast to upland croplands, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission from soils has rarely been investigated previously in fields with paddy rice cultivation.

  Keywords: abstract contrast upland croplands carbon dioxide emission soils rarely investigated previously fields paddy rice cultivation
• Interactive Effect of Soil Properties and Microbial Functional Genes on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Rice Paddies: A Global Meta-Analysis (2026) · doi

  Rice paddies are a major anthropogenic source of methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O), yet the interactive roles of soil properties and microbial functional groups in regulating both gases remain poorly quantified.

  Keywords: rice paddies major anthropogenic source methane nitrous oxide interactive roles soil properties microbial functional groups