Although negatively biased cognitions are well documented in depressed patients and to some extent in recovered patients, it remains unclear whether these abnormalities are present before the first de

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 4 representative gaps

• Spatiotemporal unfolding of prefrontal neural response divergence in adolescent depression during naturalistic experience (2026) · doi

  Depression alters how emotional experience is interpreted and regulated, yet how depression-related neural divergence unfolds during ongoing experience remains poorly understood, leaving unresolved whether such divergence reflects stable trait-like abnormalities or state-dependent responses that emerge only at particular moments.

  Keywords: depression experience divergence alters emotional interpreted regulated related neural unfolds ongoing remains poorly understood leaving
• Highly neurotic never-depressed students have negative biases in information processing (2007) · doi

  Although negatively biased cognitions are well documented in depressed patients and to some extent in recovered patients, it remains unclear whether these abnormalities are present before the first depressive episode.

  Keywords: patients negatively biased cognitions well documented depressed extent recovered remains unclear whether abnormalities present first
• Emotion modulates cognitive flexibility in patients with major depression (2011) · doi

  Previous research has shown that depressed patients are impaired in their ability to shift attention from one emotional category to another, but whether this shifting deficit is more evident on emotional relative to non-emotional cognitive control tasks remains unclear.

  Keywords: emotional previous depressed patients impaired ability shift attention category whether shifting deficit evident relative cognitive
• Individual differences in cognitive control over emotional material modulate cognitive biases linked to depressive symptoms (2016) · doi

  Deficient cognitive control over emotional material and cognitive biases are important mechanisms underlying depression, but the interplay between these emotionally distorted cognitive processes in relation to depressive symptoms is not well understood.

  Keywords: cognitive deficient control emotional material biases important mechanisms underlying depression interplay emotionally distorted processes relation