Although there is increasing interest among scholars to incorporate green practices in small business practices, little is known about how green transformational leadership can influence environmental

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• Green Training and Development and Green Employee Empowerment Influencing Employee Green Behavior: The Mediating Role of Employee Green Attitude and Intentions in Lebanese Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (2026) · doi

  6.1. Conclusion This research paper aimed to investigate the relationship between green human resource management practices and employee green behavior, specifically focusing on employee attitudes towards green behavior and their intentions to engage in such behavior within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Ability-Motivation- Opportunity (AMO) model, the paper leads to a more sophisticated 275 AlDana, et al.: Green Training and Development and Green Employee Empowerment Influencing Employee Green Behavior: The Mediating Role of Employee Green Attitude and Intentions in Lebanese Small and Medium-sized EnterprisesInternational Review of Management and Marketing | Vol 16 • Issue 4 • 2026insight into the psychological processes that come along with environmentally responsible conduct in organizations with low- level formalization. The findings indicate that green training and development (GTD) and green employee empowerment and participation (GEE) have limited ability to directly shape employee attitudes toward green behavior (ATTGB). However, once positive attitudes are present, they translate strongly into green behavioral intentions (GBI) and, in turn, employee green behavior (EGB). This suggests that the main challenge for green HRM lies in influencing employee attitudes rather than in converting attitudes into intentions or behavior. The relationships between employee attitude, green behavioral intention, and green behavior are positive, highlighting the importance of evaluative and motivational processes in explaining environmental responsibility behavior in the workplace. Moreover, green training and development and employee green behavior are correlated through employee attitude, and employee behavioral intention mediates employee attitude and employee green behavior. The findings indicate the significance of both cognitive and deliberate processes without showing a predetermined sequence of causality. The green transformational leadership failed to moderate any significant relationships between green HRM practices and employee attitude in the entire sample. Multigroup analysis suggests that leadership effects may vary across employee age groups; however, such effects remain weak and context-dependent rather than structurally robust. In general, the results indicate that practices of GHRM have the greatest relationship with the employee’s green behavior when they trigger the employee’s environmental understanding and evaluative orientations rather than structural or participatory mechanisms alone. These findings reinforce the theoretical distinction proposed by the AMO framework between ability-enhancing and opportunity-enhancing practices and empirically affirm the TPB sequence in which attitudes and intentions se

  Keywords: green employee behavior attitudes intentions attitude practices ability training development processes indicate behavioral rather relationship
• A novel integrated structural model of green consumer purchasing behavior: A systematic literature review with COM-B framework perspective (2025) · doi

  Findings & value added: The study offers a comprehensive synthesis of green consumer purchasing behavior (GCPB) in the non-food sector (nF), revealing that psychological capabilities, particularly environmental knowledge or reflective motivation including green attitude are well-established predictors, whereas physical capabilities and automatic motivations remain underexplored.

  Keywords: green capabilities value added offers comprehensive synthesis consumer purchasing behavior gcpb food sector revealing psychological
• Transforming small business ventures for a greener tomorrow: the interplay between green transformational leadership, organizational green culture, and environmental sustainability (2025) · doi

  Although there is increasing interest among scholars to incorporate green practices in small business practices, little is known about how green transformational leadership can influence environmental sustainability through organizational green culture.

  Keywords: green practices there increasing interest among scholars incorporate small business little known transformational leadership influence