Although transformational leadership (TFL) has been identified as a key correlate of resilience, the distinct contributions of head coaches, captains, and athlete leaders through motivational climate

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• Relationships among sport participation, sport and social competence, and mental health symptomatology (2026) · doi

  the above the complexity of how best to coach (60). While mastery-oriented, structured practices may be especially effective for developing athletic competence and reducing internalizing symptoms like anxiety and depression, experiential, collaborative methods appear valuable for enhancing social competence and addressing externalizing behaviors. Perhaps, rather than viewing one approach as ’superior’, it may be more appropriate to consider the specific needs of athletes and the goals of the sport environment (i.e., the contextual features), using a flexible combination of both linear skill development and interactive social learning to promote overall mental health and well-being. reflect The implications of this research are especially relevant in light of growing evidence that student-athletes experience substantial stress related to sport and academic demands (13, 15) yet are less likely to seek professional mental health support compared to their non- and Findings also point to the need for balance in youth sport systems. While developing competence appears to be beneficial, prior research suggests that excessive training demands, high- competition may performance pressures, compromise mental health (14). This raises important practical questions regarding the threshold at which sport involvement shifts from being supportive to potentially harmful. Sport volume, stakeholders performance expectations, and athlete well-being, particularly during critical developmental periods. should be elite-level attentive training to

  Keywords: sport competence mental health especially developing social athletes well demands training performance complexity best coach
• Pathways from Transformational Leadership to Team Resilience Through Motivational Climate: Findings from Elite High School Rugby Teams in Japan (2025) · doi

  Although transformational leadership (TFL) has been identified as a key correlate of resilience, the distinct contributions of head coaches, captains, and athlete leaders through motivational climate remain unclear.

  Keywords: transformational leadership identified correlate resilience distinct contributions head coaches captains athlete leaders motivational climate remain
• Investigation of The Relationship Between Cognitive Flexibility and Leadership Orientations: A Research on University Athletes (2026) · doi

  Research findings suggest that leadership orientations among university-level athletes may be more closely related to the nature of the sport practised and the social interaction processes in which athletes are involved than to their levels of cognitive flexibility. Within this framework, it is recommended that coaches and sports administrators aiming to develop leadership potential in athletes prioritise psycho-social intervention programmes that strengthen athletes' social bonds and support their roles and sense of responsibility within the team. On the other hand, it is recommended that future research examine the relationship between cognitive flexibility and leadership by including different variables, using larger sample groups and longitudinal research designs. REFERENCES Akyol, G., & Taşkıran, C. (2023). Elit düzey güreşçilerin bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri ve stresle başa çıkma stratejileri. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(4), 267-275. Alpar, R. C. (2013). Uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemler. Detay Yayıncılık. Altınışık, Ü., & Çelik, A. (2022). Spor bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin liderlik yönelimleri ile duygusal zekâ düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 225-236. Altunkol, F. (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinin bilişsel esneklikleri ile algılanan stres düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Çukurova Üniversitesi. Arslan, F., & Uğurlu, Ö. Y. (2017). 1997-2017 yılları arasında liderlik becerileri ile ilgili araştırmaların içerik analizi ile incelenmesi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(2), 62-80. Asıcı, E., & İkiz, F. (2015). Mutluluğa giden bir yol: Bilişsel esneklik. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty, 1(35), 191-211. Bayrakdaroğlu, Y., Şenel, E., & Karakuş, K. (2022). Çok yönlü liderlik ile duygu düzenleme arasındaki ilişki. Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 6(3), 228-239. Bilgiç, R., & Bilgin, M. (2016). Ergenlerin cinsiyet ve öğrenim kademesi düzeylerine göre bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri ile karar stratejileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Uşak Üniversitesi Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 39-55. Bilgin, M. (2017). Ergenlerin beş faktör kişilik özelliği ile bilişsel esneklik ilişkisi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(62), 945-954. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1991). Leadership and management effectiveness: A multi-frame, multi-sector analysis. Human Resource Management, 30(4), 509-534. Cañas, J., Quesada, J., Antolí, A., & Fajardo, I. (2003). Cognitive flexibility and adaptability to environmental changes in dynamic complex problem-solving tasks. Ergonomics, 46(5), 482-501. Chelladurai, P. (2007). Leadership in sports. G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Ed.), Handbook of sport psychology içinde (ss. 113–135). Wiley. 139

  Keywords: dergisi leadership bili aras athletes esneklik zeyleri spor ndaki incelenmesi rmalar social cognitive flexibility bilimleri