Collectively, the findings highlight the ingredients biological versatility and contextual responsiveness across physiological systems, and suggest its prebiotic potential through alignment with ISAPP

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 5 representative gaps

• <b>Postbiotics in Human Health: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Applications, and Future Perspectives</b> (2026) · doi

  Sreevarshini. S1, Saranya N1*, G. Umamageshwari1 1Department of Biotechnology, Nehru Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Postbiotics represent a paradigm shift in microbiome-based therapeutics, offering the functional benefits of probiotics without the challenges associated with live microorganism administration. Defined by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) as "preparations of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confer a health benefit on the host," postbiotics encompass a diverse array of bioactive compounds including cell wall components, metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, bacteriocins, and extracellular vesicles. This review synthesizes current evidence on the mechanisms through which postbiotics modulate host physiology, their therapeutic applications across various disease states, and the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for clinical translation. Emerging evidence supports their efficacy in gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic diseases, immune modulation, and beyond, while their superior stability, safety profile, and standardization potential position them as attractive candidates for next-generation biotherapeutics. Keywords: Postbiotics, Biotherapeutics, Gut Microbiota Received: Jan. 18, 2026 Revised: Feb. 28, 2026 Accepted: March. 27, 2026 Published: April 22, 2026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.64062/JPGMB.Vol2.Issue2.9 https://jpgmb.com/1/issue/archive This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) __________________________________

  Keywords: postbiotics https probiotics challenges components host evidence biotherapeutics jpgmb issue authors sreevarshini saranya umamageshwari department
• Exploring the probiotic landscape in understanding postbiotics from indigenous bacteria isolated from the stool samples of a tribal population at Mulluvadi village, Tamil Nadu, India (2026) · doi

  in the preparation of Additional research efforts should be directed toward extracting and solving the structures of the most important cellular metabolites, such as SCFAs, EPSs, and proteolytic enzymes, along with exploring their effects in appropriate animal models of inflammation, metabolic disorders, and gut microbiota imbalance. At the same time, changes in large-scale fermentation processes are indispensable for promoting their utilisation foods, nutraceuticals, or disease treatments. Moreover, clinical evaluations at identifying new biosynthetic gene clusters will be necessary before such tribal-derived microbial resources can be used as precision these therapeutics. considerations, our study provides a firm basis for the in next-generation efficient use of native microbiomes management of gut health. We suggest that future studies should focus on whole-genome sequencing of the selected strains, detailed metabolomic profiling of the postbiotic genome-resolved functional postbiotic studies aimed

  Keywords: genome postbiotic preparation additional efforts directed toward extracting solving structures important cellular metabolites scfas epss
• Exploring the probiotic landscape in understanding postbiotics from indigenous bacteria isolated from the stool samples of a tribal population at Mulluvadi village, Tamil Nadu, India (2026) · doi

  The present study is primarily limited by its exclusively in vitro the absence of comprehensive metabolomic design and characterisation of the postbiotic compounds. The SCFA detection in this work was of a preliminary nature and not fully validated quantitatively. Additionally, the taxonomic identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing may not provide strain-level resolution. The potential influences of age-related variability on the composition of the gut microbiome were not specifically controlled and represent another limitation of this study. Future studies involving whole-genome sequencing, metabolomic profiling, and in vivo validations are therefore necessary to confirm the functional and therapeutic potential of the identified isolates. Notwithstanding these limitations, our study offers important preliminary insights into the functional potential of probiotic isolates derived from a traditionally underexplored population. The integration of culture- based isolation with multi-parameter functional screening provides a useful framework for identifying candidate strains with desirable properties. From a translational perspective, such strains may serve the development of postbiotic-based as a formulations or next-generation probiotics pending rigorous validation. foundation for

  Keywords: based potential functional metabolomic postbiotic preliminary sequencing isolates strains present primarily limited exclusively vitro absence
• Traditional Chinese medicine–based modulation of gut microbiota in coronary heart disease: probiotic synergy and translational perspectives (2026) · doi

  affect Overall, probiotic interventions consistent improvements in lipid metabolism and inflammation but lack evidence for hard clinical outcomes. Future progress will depend on combination strategies, microbiome-based stratification, and large-scale mechanistic trials. show

  Keywords: affect overall probiotic interventions consistent improvements lipid metabolism inflammation lack evidence hard clinical outcomes future
• Supplementation with Arabinoxylan Dietary Fiber at Low Doses Produces Behavioral, Metabolic, and Gut Microbial Changes in Healthy, Overweight Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial (2026) · doi

  Collectively, the findings highlight the ingredients biological versatility and contextual responsiveness across physiological systems, and suggest its prebiotic potential through alignment with ISAPPs definition of a prebiotic, supporting further investigation of specific mechanistic pathways.

  Keywords: prebiotic collectively highlight ingredients biological versatility contextual responsiveness across physiological systems suggest potential alignment isapps