CONCLUSION: Due to the mixed findings and the high risk of bias, it is difficult to determine the efficacy of physical activity programmes for improving social and emotional well being in at-risk yout

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• Dose–response relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes in adolescents (2026) · doi

  Several limitations should be considered. First, the findings may not be fully generalizable, as the sample was drawn from a single region in Shanghai, China, which may not represent the broader population. Second, the cross-sectional design limited the ability to draw causal infer- ences between physical activity and mental health outcomes. Third, self- reported physical activity data may introduce recall and reporting biases, as participants may overestimate their activity levels due to social desir- ability, potentially affecting the accuracy and reliability of the results. Therefore, future research should further explore the complex relation- ship between physical activity and mental health outcomes. Longitudinal studies with randomized sampling are needed to validate these findings. adolescents, including low stress perception and higher psychological resilience and self-efficacy. The observed dose–response relationship suggests that the greater benefits are seen in adolescents with lower levels of physical activity. These findings emphasize the importance of promoting physical activity not only as a means of improving physical health but also as a preventive strategy for mental health problems. To maximize public health impact, policymakers and educators should prioritize the development of supportive environments and programs that encourage adolescent engagement in physical activity, especially among those who are least active. Tailored interventions that foster interest and remove barriers to participation are essential for improving adolescent well-being, a foundation for lifelong mental health.

  Keywords: physical activity health mental ability outcomes self levels adolescents improving adolescent several limitations considered first
• Anxiety Outcomes After Physical Activity Interventions (2010) · doi

  BACKGROUND: Although the mental health benefits of physical activity (PA) have been documented in numerous primary studies, anxiety outcomes of interventions to increase PA have not been examined through quantitative synthesis.

  Keywords: background mental health benefits physical activity documented numerous primary anxiety outcomes interventions increase examined quantitative
• Review: A systematic review of the impact of physical activity programmes on social and emotional well‐being in at‐risk youth (2011) · doi

  CONCLUSION: Due to the mixed findings and the high risk of bias, it is difficult to determine the efficacy of physical activity programmes for improving social and emotional well being in at-risk youth.

  Keywords: risk conclusion mixed high bias difficult determine efficacy physical activity programmes improving social emotional well