CONCLUSIONS: While the review found some beneficial effects of i-CBT for PTSD post-treatment, the quality of the evidence was very low because of the small number of included trials and there was insu

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• The gut microbiota-immune-brain axis in post-traumatic stress disorder: mechanistic integration and translational prospects (2026) · doi

  Reference Strain, dosage, treatment duration, and target population are not yet standardized; human evidence is limited. Efficacy magnitude, mechanistic chain, and population differences remain unclear. PTSD-specific research is scarce; mechanism and efficacy evidence are insufficient. There is insufficient specific clinical evidence for PTSD, and compliance and individual differences have a significant impact. Safety, donor screening, preparation procedures, long- term effects, and ethical oversight remain to be clarified. Efficacy is variable; insufficient to support routine application.

  Keywords: evidence cacy insuf cient population differences remain ptsd speci reference strain dosage treatment duration target
• Internet‐delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for post‐traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta‐analysis (2019) · doi

  CONCLUSIONS: While the review found some beneficial effects of i-CBT for PTSD post-treatment, the quality of the evidence was very low because of the small number of included trials and there was insufficient evidence to support the maintenance of improvement at follow-up of 3-6 months.

  Keywords: evidence conclusions review found beneficial effects ptsd post treatment quality small number included trials there
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Cardiovascular, and Metabolic Disease: A Review of the Evidence (2010) · doi

  CONCLUSIONS: Although the available literature suggests an association of PTSD with cardiovascular disease and biomarkers, further research must consider potential confounds, incorporate longitudinal designs, and conduct careful PTSD assessments in diverse samples to address gaps in the research literature.

  Keywords: literature ptsd conclusions available suggests association cardiovascular disease biomarkers further must consider potential confounds incorporate