Despite the potential use of biochar in the Midwest, United States, few studies have examined biochar in Extension.

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 6 representative gaps

• Recent trends and economic significance of modified/functionalized biochars for remediation of environmental pollutants (2024) · doi

  Based on the above discussion, multiple modifications/engineering strategies have been employed to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of biochar. The multiple-functionalized biochars have been suc- cessfully utilized for the remediation of soil and aquatic systems contaminated by various pollutants. The specific attributes of multiple-modified biochar including the appearance of new functional groups, enhanced surface area, and greater electron transport capability are amongst the main factors affecting the remediation efficiency in multifaceted applications. Generally, functionalized biochar is an environmentally friendly catalyst/adsorbent

  Keywords: multiple biochar functionalized remediation based discussion modifications engineering strategies employed improve physicochemical biological properties biochars
• Conventional and microwave-assisted pyrolysis biochars: comparative mechanistic insights, structural evolution, and environmental remediation applications (2026) · doi

  Future research should focus on sustainable scale-up, multifunctional biochars, regeneration, and field validation to establish biochar as a cost-effective tool for waste valorization and environ- mental remediation.

  Keywords: future focus sustainable scale multifunctional biochars regeneration field validation establish biochar cost effective tool waste
• Biochar produced from waste‐based feedstocks: Mechanisms, affecting factors, economy, utilization, challenges, and prospects (2024) · doi

  Given its widespread use in carbon sequestration, soil remediation, wastewater purification, and organic waste composting, the mechanisms of biochar production in environmental usage need to be investigated.

  Keywords: given widespread carbon sequestration soil remediation wastewater purification organic waste composting mechanisms biochar production environmental
• Physicochemical characterization of pig manure and its carbonaceous derivatives: Climate and sustainability impacts (2025) · doi

  However, the results from some of the selected studies on biochar properties and its production protocols were poorly characterized, which may be a major drawback for generalizing results.

  Keywords: selected biochar properties production protocols poorly characterized major drawback generalizing
• A Midwest Perspective on Biochar Integration in Extension (2024) · doi

  Despite the potential use of biochar in the Midwest, United States, few studies have examined biochar in Extension.

  Keywords: biochar despite potential midwest united states examined extension
• Vermicompost and Rice Husk Biochar Interaction Ameliorates Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Green Lettuce Under Soilless Culture (2022) · doi

  However, the ideal proportion of biochar in the substrates combined with the use of vermicompost for high yields has not been thoroughly studied.

  Keywords: ideal proportion biochar substrates combined vermicompost high yields thoroughly studied