Despite these limitations, the study employs well-established measures of its dependent variables, as well as a well-defined treatment program, and uses sophisticated and appropriate analyses, to prov

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• Prevalence and determinants of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation among adolescents of Parbat District: A cross-sectional study (2026) · doi

  Despite these strengths, the study has several limitations. Its cross-sectional design prevents causal inference, and the sample was limited to grades 11–12 (ages 16–19) within Kushma Municipality, restricting generalizability and exclud- ing early adolescents. Therefore, even if causal language is used inadvertently or causal linking terms are applied, the findings should be interpreted as correlational rather than indicative of a cause-and-effect relationship. While the results provide valuable insights for policymakers, schools, and communities, the findings are generalizable to adolescents aged 16–19 years enrolled in grades 11–12 within Kushma Municipality. They should not be extrapolated to younger adoles- cents (ages 10–15), adolescents outside the district, or youth who are out of formal schooling. Self-reporting may have led to underreporting of sensitive issues such as trauma or substance use, and key confounders like bullying, social media exposure, and detailed family dynamics were not assessed. Additionally, some odds ratios had wide confidence intervals due to small subgroup sizes, reducing precision. PLOS Mental Health | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000613 May 14, 2026 16 / 21

  Keywords: causal adolescents grades ages within kushma municipality despite strengths several limitations cross sectional design prevents
• Examination of Post-Traumatic Stress Reaction, Quality of Life, and Loneliness Levels in Adolescents Who Experienced an Earthquake (2026) · doi

  The results obtained from the study can be generalized to adolescents studying in related schools. Acknowledgements We thank the adolescent and their parents who agreed to take part in the study. Author Contributions G.A. and E.S.K. led the conception and design of the study, as well as the acquisition and analysis of data, and drafted the manuscript. G.A. and E.S.K. contributed to the design of the study and provided critical revisions to the manuscript. E.S.K. and H.O. assisted with data acquisition and contributed to the analysis. G.A. and E.S.K. and H.O. provided signifcant input in the interpreta- tion of data and helped to revise the manuscript for important intel- lectual content. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Funding Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Techno- logical Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK). Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma1 3Declarations Ethical Consideration Prior to the study, ethical committee approval (Date: 07.11.2024 Number: E.65256) and institutional approval were obtained from the hospital where the research was conducted. Written consent was obtained from the parents using the informed voluntary consent form. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit h t t p : / / c r e a t i v e c o m m o n s . o r g / l i c e n s e s / b y / 4 . 0 /.

  Keywords: manuscript article creative commons licence obtained provided material adolescent parents author design acquisition contributed authors
• A cognitive stress-reduction intervention program for adolescents. (1990) · doi

  Despite these limitations, the study employs well-established measures of its dependent variables, as well as a well-defined treatment program, and uses sophisticated and appropriate analyses, to provide an excellent basis for further research into the area of stress reduction for adolescents.

  Keywords: well despite limitations employs established measures dependent variables defined treatment program uses sophisticated appropriate analyses