OBJECTIVE: Although there are studies on the effects of gender and time on social anxiety and anxiety sensitivity, there is no consensus on how these variables moderate the relationship between the tw

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 5 representative gaps

• How does social media addiction make you fear exercise? The relationship between social media addiction and kinesiophobia among college students: the mediating role of social physique anxiety (2026) · doi

  Several limitations should be acknowledged. First, the cross-sec- tional design precludes causal inference; therefore, future studies should employ longitudinal or experimental designs to clarify the tem- poral direction of the observed relationships. Second, the sample was predominantly male, which may limit the generalizability of the find- ings to other populations. Third, all variables were measured using self- report instruments, raising the potential for common method bias. Although Harman’s single-factor test suggested that common method bias was not a major concern, this test has limited sensitivity, and future research should adopt more robust methodological approaches. Finally, while gender differences were observed in social physique anxiety, the moderating role of gender was not formally tested and warrants further investigation. In addition, the substantial gender imbalance in the sample may have constrained the ability to detect potential moderation effects, particularly those involving gender differences in the relation- ships among the key variables.

  Keywords: gender future observed sample variables potential common bias test differences several limitations acknowledged first cross
• Exploring the Relationships between Passive Social Media Use and Psychological Well-Being of Young Adults—The Role of Trait Self-Compassion, Motivations, and Upward Social Comparison (2026) · doi

  4 Strengths, Limitations, and Future Research Directions One limitation of this study is that the majority of the study sample was female. Future research is needed to continue examining the effect sizes of the study variables in order to give a more precise and comprehensive picture. Causal relationships between the variables could not be established. , and thus the findings in the current study might not be generalizable to other cultural contexts.

  Keywords: future variables strengths limitations directions limitation majority sample female needed continue examining effect sizes order
• Does Gender Affect the Relationship Between Anxiety Sensitivity and Social Anxiety? (2016) · doi

  OBJECTIVE: Although there are studies on the effects of gender and time on social anxiety and anxiety sensitivity, there is no consensus on how these variables moderate the relationship between the two.

  Keywords: there anxiety objective effects gender time social sensitivity consensus variables moderate relationship
• Sex Differences in the Prevalence and Detection of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in General Health Care Settings (1998) · doi

  BACKGROUND: Understanding the relevance of biological and social factors to sex differences in the prevalence and detection of depressive and anxiety disorders has been impaired by the lack of standardized research methods across cultures.

  Keywords: background understanding relevance biological social factors differences prevalence detection depressive anxiety disorders impaired lack standardized
• Examining body dissatisfaction in college men through the exploration of appearance anxiety and internalization of the mesomorphic ideal (2020) · doi

  Although research has explained various psychological factors leading to body dissatisfaction in male, limited research has examined the potential mediating effect of the anxiety male experience to align with societal conceptions of masculine appearance.

  Keywords: male explained various psychological factors leading body dissatisfaction limited examined potential mediating effect anxiety experience