OBJECTIVE: Sleep complaints are often associated with anxiety and depression, but the specific complaints related to each syndrome are poorly characterized, especially in older adults.

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 7 representative gaps

• Comparison of Sleep Architecture in Individuals Aged 65 to 80 Years With and Without Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Multi-Channel Sleep Monitoring (2026) · doi

  It remains unclear whether sleep abnormalities contribute to cognitive impairment or whether neurodegenerative changes disrupt sleep regulation; existing Indexed in: [Current Contents/Clinical Medicine] [SCI Expanded] [ISI Alerting System] [ISI Journals Master List] [Index Medicus/MEDLINE] [EMBASE/Excerpta Medica] [Chemical Abstracts/CAS]CLINICAL RESEARCHThis work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.

  Keywords: whether sleep clinical remains unclear abnormalities contribute cognitive impairment neurodegenerative changes disrupt regulation existing indexed
• Sleep Quality and Cognitive Life Expectancy in the United States (2025) · doi

  While strong associations between sleep quality, cognitive functioning, and mortality are well-documented, the mechanisms underlying sleep's role in cognitive status and life expectancy (LE) across different cognitive states remain unclear.

  Keywords: cognitive sleep strong associations quality functioning mortality well documented mechanisms underlying role status life expectancy
• Salivary Cortisol and Melatonin, Sleep, and Behavioral Patterns in Older Adults Living With Dementia (2023) · doi

  BACKGROUND: Over half of the older adults living with dementia have behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), including sleep disturbance; however, little is known about physiological markers.

  Keywords: dementia background half older adults living behavioral psychological symptoms bpsd including sleep disturbance little known
• Roles of Sleep Quality, Self-Efficacy, and Coping Style in the Frailty of Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study (2024) · doi

  OBJECTIVES: Although the association between sleep disorders and frailty has been well established, little is known about the cognitive appraisal mechanisms underlying this association.

  Keywords: association objectives sleep disorders frailty well established little known cognitive appraisal mechanisms underlying
• Subjective sleep characteristics associated with anxiety and depression in older adults: a population‐based study (2014) · doi

  OBJECTIVE: Sleep complaints are often associated with anxiety and depression, but the specific complaints related to each syndrome are poorly characterized, especially in older adults.

  Keywords: complaints objective sleep often associated anxiety depression specific related syndrome poorly characterized especially older adults
• Associations of Perceived Stress, Resilience and Social Support with Sleep Disturbance Among Community-dwelling Adults (2015) · doi

  Currently, most studies examining sleep disturbance have focused on negative psychological variables; however, few studies have combined both negative and positive psychosocial factors to assess sleep.

  Keywords: sleep negative currently examining disturbance focused psychological variables combined positive psychosocial factors assess
• Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Hypoxia, and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Older Women (2011) · doi

  Cross-sectional studies have linked sleep-disordered breathing to poor cognition; however, it remains unclear whether sleep-disordered breathing precedes cognitive impairment in older adults.

  Keywords: sleep disordered breathing cross sectional linked poor cognition remains unclear whether precedes cognitive impairment older