Observers of probation and parole suggest that organizational context and officers’ ‘working philosophy’ – how they see their job – may be instrumental in predicting supervision activities, yet few st

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• A Rapid Review of Literature on Factors Associated with Adult Probation Revocations (2022) · doi

  Though the literature is limited, and findings are mixed, the most consistent findings indicate that officer-client relationships involving trust, support, respect, and empathy as well as reduced caseload sizes and cognitive behavioral therapy programs are associated with probation success while intensive supervision programs; greater monetary sanctions and nonpayment of those sanctions; and being Black and less educated are associated with poorer supervision outcomes.

  Keywords: programs associated supervision sanctions though literature limited mixed consistent indicate officer client relationships involving trust
• Supervising juveniles and adults: organizational context, professional orientations, and probation and parole officer behaviors (2018) · doi

  Observers of probation and parole suggest that organizational context and officers’ ‘working philosophy’ – how they see their job – may be instrumental in predicting supervision activities, yet few studies have examined this relationship.

  Keywords: observers probation parole suggest organizational context officers working philosophy instrumental predicting supervision activities examined relationship
• The Influence of Parole Officers’ Attitudes on Supervision Practices (2011) · doi

  Yet there are few studies which have examined the influence of parole officers’ attitudes on their actual supervision practices, and studies of the attitude–behavior relationship among other justice system actors have revealed mixed findings.

  Keywords: there examined influence parole officers attitudes actual supervision practices attitude behavior relationship among justice system