Only a few studies have addressed these questions regarding the incidence and cumulative incidence of diagnosed depression from childhood to early adulthood and findings have been inconclusive.

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 7 representative gaps

• Longitudinal and Reciprocal Relationships Between Depression and Disability in Older Women Caregivers and Noncaregivers (2015) · doi

  PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Depressive symptoms and disability each increase the risk of the other, yet few studies have examined reciprocal associations between these conditions in a single study, or over periods longer than 3 years.

  Keywords: purpose depressive symptoms disability increase risk examined reciprocal associations conditions single periods longer years
• Some Normative and Psychometric Data for the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire from a Sample of Healthy Older Persons (2004)

  Estimates of the prevalence of depression in older persons vary widely, depending on the diagnostic criteria and measures used, and the population tested, however, prevalence rates of between 10% and 19.

  Keywords: prevalence estimates depression older persons vary widely depending diagnostic criteria measures used population tested rates
• Increasing prevalence of depression from 2000 to 2006 (2011) · doi

  AIM: Depression is the leading cause of disability and is projected to become the second highest burden of disease (measured in disability-adjusted life years) by 2020, but only a few studies have examined changes over time in the occurrence of depression.

  Keywords: depression disability leading cause projected become second highest burden disease measured adjusted life years examined
• Depression and its associated factors: A comparison between congenital and acquired physical disabilities (2023) · doi

  OBJECTIVE: While depression associated with disability has been extensively studied, how depression could differ depending on whether the disability is congenital or acquired remains to be investigated.

  Keywords: depression disability objective associated extensively studied differ depending whether congenital acquired remains investigated
• Physical Activity Reduces the Risk of Subsequent Depression for Older Adults (2002) · doi

  Previous studies assessing protective effects of physical activity on depression have had conflicting results; one recent study argued that excluding disabled subjects attenuated any observed effects.

  Keywords: effects previous assessing protective physical activity depression conflicting recent argued excluding disabled subjects attenuated observed
• The Role of Mastery and Social Resources in the Associations Between Disability and Depression in Later Life (2002) · doi

  PURPOSE: Although disability is widely acknowledged as a risk factor for late-life depression, few studies have studied the potential of psychosocial factors to alter the association between disability and depression.

  Keywords: disability depression purpose widely acknowledged risk factor late life studied potential psychosocial factors alter association
• Time trends in the incidence of diagnosed depression among people aged 5–25 years living in Finland 1995–2012 (2019) · doi

  Only a few studies have addressed these questions regarding the incidence and cumulative incidence of diagnosed depression from childhood to early adulthood and findings have been inconclusive.

  Keywords: incidence addressed questions regarding cumulative diagnosed depression childhood early adulthood inconclusive