Overall, while many studies suggest that preverbal infants differentiate positive and negative facial expressions, few studies have tested whether infants understand discrete emotions (e.

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 5 representative gaps

• Looking Across Domains to Understand Infant Representation of Emotion (2011) · doi

  In addition, the review indicates that some very basic questions remain to be answered regarding how infants represent facial displays of emotion, including (a) whether infants form category representations for discrete classes of emotion, when and how such representations come(b) to incorporate affective meaning, (c) the developmental trajectory for representation of emotional expression at different levels of inclusiveness (i.

  Keywords: infants emotion representations addition review indicates basic questions remain answered regarding represent facial displays including
• Signs of emotion: What can preverbal children “say” about internal states? (2008) · doi

  Do infants explicitly recognize feelings and emotions in themselves and others? What would preverbal children say about internal states if they had the words? Investigation of infants' emotional understanding is limited by the challenge of understanding infant mental states before the onset of speech.

  Keywords: infants states understanding explicitly recognize feelings emotions themselves others preverbal children internal words investigation emotional
• Responses of Preschoolers in Two Frustrating Episodes: Emergence of Complex Strategies for Emotion Regulation (2000) · doi

  Although research on young children's abilities to organize emotional states has increased in recent years, little is known about the emergence of complex strategies for emotion regulation in preschoolers.

  Keywords: young children abilities organize emotional states increased recent years little known emergence complex strategies emotion
• Do Preverbal Infants Understand Discrete Facial Expressions of Emotion? (2019) · doi

  Overall, while many studies suggest that preverbal infants differentiate positive and negative facial expressions, few studies have tested whether infants understand discrete emotions (e.

  Keywords: infants overall suggest preverbal differentiate positive negative facial expressions tested whether understand discrete emotions
• Expression of emotion through musical parameters in 3- and 5-year-olds (2019) · doi

  While the use of musical parameters for emotional expression has been extensively studied, little is known about which specific musical parameters children at different ages are able to use for expressing specific emotions.

  Keywords: musical parameters specific emotional expression extensively studied little known children different ages able expressing emotions