Professional development for educators is needed to enable them to guide students in using AI ethically and effectively.

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 8 representative gaps

• Coping with AI: Islamic Principles for New Education Policy (2026) · doi

  The paper proposes that ministries of education should build capacity among policymakers to understand AI's ethical implications, but does not detail the content, duration, or delivery mechanisms for such capacity-building programs.

  Keywords: capacity proposes ministries education build among policymakers understand ethical implications detail content duration delivery mechanisms
• Systematic Literature Review on Students’ Perceptions of Ethical AI: Fairness, and Regulatory Understanding (2026) · doi

  Formal education on AI and its ethical aspects should be embedded across all academic disciplines, not just STEM fields, but implementation strategies remain underdeveloped.

  Keywords: formal education ethical aspects embedded across academic disciplines stem fields implementation strategies remain underdeveloped
• Systematic Literature Review on Students’ Perceptions of Ethical AI: Fairness, and Regulatory Understanding (2026) · doi

  Comprehensive AI governance frameworks and multi-disciplinary task forces or AI Governance Offices need to be established at higher education institutions to manage policies and ethical compliance.

  Keywords: governance comprehensive frameworks multi disciplinary task forces offices need established higher education institutions manage policies
• Use of Artificial Intelligence in Education for Smart Classrooms and Adaptive Learning Systems (2026) · doi

  Ethical governance requires clear policies for data protection, informed consent, and responsible use of AI technologies to address concerns about privacy, transparency, and algorithmic bias in educational settings.

  Keywords: ethical governance requires clear policies protection informed consent responsible technologies address concerns privacy transparency algorithmic
• The Effect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use on Increasing Student Motivation in Thesis Writing (2026) · doi

  The use of AI in education must take academic ethics into account and must be balanced with the development of students' reflective skills and self-regulation to ensure it does not compromise cognitive engagement in the learning process.

  Keywords: must education take academic ethics account balanced development students reflective skills self regulation ensure compromise
• Students’ perceptions and responsible adoption of artificial intelligence in education: Ethical considerations, impacts, and academic performance (2026) · doi

  The absence of unified policies and ethical training creates a void in technological competency and educational preparedness, necessitating more robust AI Governance frameworks and systematic guidance within AI-powered learning experiences.

  Keywords: absence unified policies ethical training creates void technological competency educational preparedness necessitating robust governance frameworks
• AI literacy and Ethical use: Developing and validating a Framework for Pre-service and In-service Teachers in Technology-Integrated Classrooms (2026) · doi

  The potential for AI to exacerbate educational inequities calls for deliberate focus on equity and social justice in framework development and implementation, which remains underdeveloped.

  Keywords: potential exacerbate educational inequities calls deliberate focus equity social justice framework development implementation remains underdeveloped
• Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence Fraud: A Thematic Conceptualization (2026) · doi

  Professional development for educators is needed to enable them to guide students in using AI ethically and effectively.

  Keywords: professional development educators needed enable them guide students using ethically effectively