Soil physicochemical properties play a key role in plant growth and development; however, owing to land use change and successive planting, long-term changes in soil physicochemical properties are rar

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 4 representative gaps

• Soil fertility status and nutrients content in maize (Zea mays L.) Tissue at Migna Kura in Wayu Tuka District, East Wollega, Ethiopia (2026) · doi

  productivity. fertilizer for Soil sample preparation and physicochemical analysis Soil samples were air-dried at room temperature. The samples were ground using a pestle and mortar and passed through a 2 mm sieve for selected soil physicochemical analyses, while soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were sieved using a 0.5 mm mesh. Soil texture, bulk density, pH, EC, organic carbon (OC), TN, available P, K, and micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, and B), exchangeable bases (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were analyzed at the Nekemte Soil Research Center. Soil texture was determined using the Bouyoucos hydrometer method (Day, 1965). After determining particle size distribution as percentages of sand, silt, and clay, soil textural classes were identified using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) soil textural triangle classification system, which is widely used for classifying soils based on the relative proportions of mineral particles (USDA, 2014). Soil bulk density (Bd) was determined from the weight of undisturbed core soil samples, which were first weighed at field moisture content and then oven-dried at 105°C until a constant weight was obtained (Baruah and Barthakur, 1998). Total porosity (TP) was estimated from bulk density (Bd) and particle density (Pd), expressed in Mg m⁻³, with particle density assumed to be the commonly used value of 2.65 g cm⁻³, as follows: Soil bulk density was determined by the undisturbed core sampling method and calculated by the following formula indicated by FAO (2006b): Pb= (wt.) V(cm3) where Wt.=Weights of oven-dry soils (g) and V=The volume of the cylindrical core (cm3). The major soil chemical properties such as soil pH, OC, OM, TN, exchangeable acidity, exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, Na and K), CEC, available P, available potassium, S, and available micronutrients (B, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe) were analyzed following the standard laboratory procedures. Soil pH measured potentiometrically in the supernatant suspension of 1:2.5, soil to water ratio as described by (Moberg, 2000). SOC content (OC%) was analyzed by the dichromate oxidation method as described by (Walkley and Black, 1934). Total nitrogen was determined by wet digestion followed by distillation and titration using the Kjeldahl method (Sahlemedhin and Taye, 2000). Available P was analyzed by the Bray II method; using 1Mole HCl and 1M NH4F solutions as extract soil having pH values equal to 1.8 (Bray and Kurtz, 1945). Available potassium concentration was analyzed by CH3COONa.3H2O solution extracted method. The soil exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K and Na) were determined by saturating the soil samples with 1M NH4OAc solution at pH 7.0. Then, Ca and Mg were determi

  Keywords: soil using density available analyzed determined samples bulk exchangeable total bases particle core physicochemical dried
• Mineral-mediated stability of organic carbon in soil and relevant interaction mechanisms (2024) · doi

  5.1. Structure–property–activity relationship for the interactions between organic carbon and minerals Based on the proposed reaction mechanisms, the interaction route between the organic carbon and minerals is highly variable and mainly depends on the structure and characteristics of both minerals and organic carbon. Different interaction routes can lead to contrasting fate of soil carbon. Current studies mainly evaluate this impact by selecting specific natural organic carbon or minerals without a well-designed control on the properties, speciation, and composition. The currently available re- sults are essential for explaining the interaction mechanisms under spe- cific conditions in the soil environment, but they might be less instrumental in evaluating and predicting the potential interactions and long-term stability in a broad spectrum of soils. The impact of SOC composition, abundance of surface functionality, aromaticity, molecular weight distribution, and so on, on the interactions with soil minerals merits a more profound understanding based on the molecular and nano- sized scale design. Furthermore, the speciation, particle size, crystal- linity, and surface properties of the soil minerals will concurrently and significantly affect the interactions with SOC, which needs further exploration in mechanistic studies. 5.2. Variation of organic carbon-mineral interactions and carbon stability with time Many studies evaluated the interaction mechanisms between organic carbon and minerals in the soil environment, but most have only focused on one single snapshot rather than the entire timeline of the interaction process. These studies often span several months or years under relatively stable conditions, which may not always be guaranteed in the natural environment. The interactions between fresh organic carbon and min- erals at the initial stage will change their properties, leading to a different interaction route in later stages. Different alternations of the properties and compositions of SOC and minerals might occur in the second stage, causing distinctive interaction processes afterward. In other words, the primary interactions are variable with dynamic equilibrium, which is related to the changes in the environmental situations (e.g., variation of temperature or precipitation). The full-view findings across different stages can help to explain the past (formation route), the present (current content and existing forms), and the future (predicted transformation and long-term stability) of organic carbon and minerals. 5.3. Spatiotemporal variability of the interactions between organic carbon and minerals Many studies have investigated the interactions between organic carbon and minerals under specified conditions based on the studied soil, while its variation is widely overlooked. In addition to the compositions and properties of the organic carbon and minerals, other variability related to the site locations and weather conditions, e.g., soil pH, tem- perature, water content, co-existing moieties, and redox conditions, can 68 Z. Xu, D.C.W. Tsang Eco-Environment & Health 3 (2024) 59–76 also significantly affect the interaction processes. Linking the cross- linking properties of soils with the potential interactions between organic carbon and minerals can be a fundamental direction for more accurately evaluating soil carbon storage.

  Keywords: carbon minerals organic interactions interaction soil properties conditions different environment based mechanisms route stability variation
• Effects of Successive Planting of Eucalyptus on SoilPhysicochemical Properties 1–3 Generationsafter Converting Masson Pine Forestsinto Eucalyptus Plantations (2023) · doi

  Soil physicochemical properties play a key role in plant growth and development; however, owing to land use change and successive planting, long-term changes in soil physicochemical properties are rarely reported.

  Keywords: soil physicochemical properties play role plant growth development owing land change successive planting long term
• SILICON CONTENT, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS OF THE KHMELNYTSKY REGION OF UKRAINE (2020) · doi

  However, there is limited research on the content of various forms of silicon in soils, the relationship with soil cations, which is particularly relevant in the context of intensive agriculture and climate aridization in Ukraine.

  Keywords: there limited content various forms silicon soils relationship soil cations particularly relevant context intensive agriculture