Students' and instructors' satisfaction reflects how they view their learning experience, which is crucial in assessing the effectiveness of online education quality that focuses on the context, input

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 8 representative gaps

• On-Line Instruction: Are the Outcomes the Same?. (2005)

  Interestingly, with the increasing acceptance of online classes (Owston,1997; Rossman, 1992) few studies have examined the effectiveness of online courses and whether the achievement levels of meeting the courses competencies and objectives were met (Navarro & Shoemaker, 1999; Schulman & Sims, 1999; Sener & Stover, 2000; Smeaton & Keogh, 1999; Russell, 1999; Spooner, Jordan, Algozzine, and Spooner, 1999).

  Keywords: online courses spooner interestingly increasing acceptance classes owston rossman examined effectiveness whether achievement levels meeting
• Online teaching during COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji: challenges, facilitators and improvement strategies (2022) · doi

  Findings The findings show online teaching challenges including difficulties maintaining students' engagement, teaching practically oriented courses, assessing students and embracing change, limited knowledge impact and output, anxiety and stress, inadequate teaching environment, increased workload and unstable Internet.

  Keywords: teaching students show online challenges including difficulties maintaining engagement practically oriented courses assessing embracing change
• Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on architectural education: a case study of Jordanian Universities (2023) · doi

  Students' and instructors' satisfaction reflects how they view their learning experience, which is crucial in assessing the effectiveness of online education quality that focuses on the context, input, process and product, which is still not clearly understood, particularly for developing countries.

  Keywords: students instructors satisfaction reflects view learning experience crucial assessing effectiveness online education quality focuses context
• Middle Level Professors’ Perspectives Regarding Online Teacher Education (2013) · doi

  While online teacher education may be one way to reach more potential teachers in a cost effective, convenient, and engaging manner, a closer examination of online middle level teacher preparation coursework is warranted to ensure that it prepares teachers who are properly equipped to reach and teach young adolescents (National Middle School Association [NMSA], 2003).

  Keywords: online teacher reach teachers middle education potential cost effective convenient engaging manner closer examination level
• Developing an instrument to assess student readiness for online learning: a validation study (2011) · doi

  Although some researchers specify how much time must be spent online for it to be termed an online course – for example, the Sloan‐C reports (Allen & Seaman, Citation2006, Citation2007, Citation2008) define online courses as courses in which more than 80% is delivered online – overall this type of specificity is lacking in most literature focused on online learning.

  Keywords: online citation courses researchers specify time must spent termed course example sloan reports allen seaman
• Microprocessor Course in a Virtual Classroom Perspectives from Technology Students in a State University in the Philippines (2021)

  The findings revealed six (6) significant themes, including “Limited Knowledge & Skills on Other Available online platforms/Technology teaching,” “available gadgets in online classes,” “Available Internet Connectivity, Unsteadiness and Low speed of Internet connection,” “Lack of human interaction and communication” Experiencing stressful atmosphere,” and “Favorable to Face-to-face learning and Online learning.

  Keywords: available online internet face learning revealed significant themes including limited knowledge skills platforms technology teaching
• Fostering Emerging Online Learner Persistence: (2020) · doi

  Given the limited research to draw from on how to design online courses, this framework and the recommendations from this article provide a starting point for the responsive design of online courses for the emerging online learner with potential application to other groups of distinct online learners.

  Keywords: online design courses given limited draw framework recommendations article provide starting point responsive emerging learner
• Distance Learning in the 21st Century University (2012) · doi

  Online learning is providing higher education institutions with an entirely new modality for educating learners free from the constraints of time and location, but the transition these institutions must undergo to adapt to online program delivery involves many complex issues, some with ramifications that are not yet fully understood.

  Keywords: online institutions learning providing higher education entirely modality educating learners free constraints time location transition