The findings demonstrate that the development of AI literacy is not limited to the acquisition of technical knowledge and skills alone, but that ethical reasoning abilities, critical evaluation skills

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 5 representative gaps

• Integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence into University Curricula: Student Insights (2026) · doi

  Future research should address these limitations through longitudinal studies that examine how student perceptions of GenAI shift over time and whether pedagogical strategies integrating AI literacy and ethical reasoning lead to sustained development of higher-order cognitive skills.

  Keywords: future address limitations longitudinal examine student perceptions genai shift time whether pedagogical strategies integrating literacy
• A conceptual analysis: generative artificial intelligence literacy in English as a foreign language writing (2026) · doi

  This conceptual analysis investigates relevant literature on (Gen)AI literacy in EFL/L2 writing, clarifying conceptualizations of AI literacy, especially criticality of GenAI literacy. It concludes that GenAI literacy in EFL writing is not only basic understanding and technical skills of using GenAI, but also critical evaluation and ethical consideration about GenAI tools and outputs. It is argued that criticality, as the core of GenAI literacy, facilitates the increasing EFL writers’ autonomy and agency amidst prevalence of GenAI in education. The analysis also traces the development of literacy theories from cognitive perspectives to sociocultural perspectives. Accordingly, theories of AI literacy encompass affective, cognitive, behavioral and ethical perspectives, reflecting the nature of AI socially-constructed competences. Specifically, the analysis synthesizes theoretical frameworks of (Gen)AI literacy in EFL/L2 writing, illustrating intention, application, five key dimensions: understanding, evaluation and ethics. For practical significance, the analysis also explores pedagogical implications of GenAI literacy for EFL writing.

  Keywords: literacy genai writing perspectives criticality understanding evaluation ethical theories cognitive conceptual investigates relevant literature clarifying
• Understanding the nature of the relationship between technology use to AI literacy among university students: The mediating role of ethical awareness (2026) · doi

  The findings demonstrate that the development of AI literacy is not limited to the acquisition of technical knowledge and skills alone, but that ethical reasoning abilities, critical evaluation skills, and attitudes toward responsible technology use are also integral parts of this process.

  Keywords: skills demonstrate development literacy limited acquisition technical knowledge alone ethical reasoning abilities critical evaluation attitudes
• Exploring Teachers’ Perspectives on the Impact of Generative AI on English Speaking and Motivation: A Case Study of MyAIBuddy (2026) · doi

  This small-scale case study offers exploratory insights into an under-researched area and may serve as one input for discussions on the Digital Education Blueprint and AI Literacy Learning Framework, while laying groundwork for future large-scale research on GenAI and second language speaking development.

  Keywords: scale small case offers exploratory insights researched area serve input discussions digital education blueprint literacy
• Unlocking Potential: Saudi EFL Male Students’ Perspectives on AI Tools for Enhancing English Writing Proficiency (2025) · doi

  It sheds light on the challenges and opportunities they face when using Artificial Intelligence-powered writing tools by conducting the main research question: What are the Saudi EFL male students’ views on how AI tools affect their writing skills? Despite the growing integration of artificial intelligence in education, limited research has focused on its application in the context of Saudi EFL.

  Keywords: artificial intelligence writing tools saudi sheds light challenges opportunities face using powered conducting main question