The sample size of the study is relatively small, and intraoperative influencing factors have not been included in previous literature.

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 4 representative gaps

• Laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal tube for preventing postoperative atelectasis after laparoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial (2026) · doi

  Gastrointestinal and hernia surgery subgroup findings were underpowered due to limited sample sizes (gastrointestinal, n = 9; hernia, n = 14) and shorter procedure durations.

  Keywords: gastrointestinal hernia surgery subgroup underpowered limited sample sizes shorter procedure durations
• Guided endodontic microsurgery using a simplified surgical guide for mandibular first molars with intact buccal cortical bone (2026) · doi

  The present report includes only two cases; therefore, further studies with larger sample sizes are required to validate the clinical effectiveness of this approach.

  Keywords: present report includes cases further larger sample sizes required validate clinical effectiveness approach
• Developing a practical machine learning model to predict post implantation syndrome after endovascular aneurysm repair (2026) · doi

  The sample size of the study is relatively small, and intraoperative influencing factors have not been included in previous literature.

  Keywords: sample size relatively small intraoperative influencing factors included previous literature
• Association between continuous low-dose norepinephrine infusion and intraoperative hypotension burden in patients aged 80 years and older undergoing total hip arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study (2026) · doi

  Total intraoperative fluid volume differed significantly between groups, and its potential influence on postoperative outcomes cannot be excluded.

  Keywords: total intraoperative fluid volume differed groups potential influence postoperative outcomes cannot excluded