The study was limited by its small sample size and short duration, restricting the statistical power and generalizability of findings. Some patients had coexisting medical disorders, which may have co

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• Maternal Risk Factors, Doppler Parameters and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancies Complicated by Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Cross Sectional Study (2026) · doi

  1. Single-center study – The findings may not be generalizable to broader populations or different healthcare settings. 2. Relatively small sample size (n = 100) – Limits the statistical power and ability to detect subtle associations. 3. Lack of control group – Absence of a comparison group of normal pregnancies restricts comparative analysis. 4. No long-term neonatal follow-up – Outcomes were limited to the immediate perinatal period, long-term without neurodevelopment. assessment of 5. Limited biochemical evaluation – Important biomarkers such as placental growth factor (PlGF) and PAPP-A were not included. 6. No placental histopathological correlation – into

  Keywords: group long term limited placental single center generalizable broader populations different healthcare settings relatively small
• Association of Placental Fetal and Maternal Vascular Malperfusion with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Mortality in Preterm Infants (2026) · doi

  The main limitation of this study is the small sample size, which limited the statistical power and may have prevented some associations from reaching statistical significance. In addition, as this was a single-center study, the generalizability of the findings is limited. The prospective study design, evaluation of all placentas by a single pathologist, use of the current and standardized Amsterdam placental classification, integration of clinical and pathological data, and transparent reporting of negative results constitute the main methodological strengths of this study. CONCLUSION This study suggests that placental vascular pathologies may have a potential impact on neonatal mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. In particular, maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion findings are thought to be associated with clinical outcomes. However, due to the limited sample size and single-center design, larger-scale, multicenter, prospective studies are needed to further clarify this relationship. Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate This study was approved by the Sivas Cumhuriyet University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Decision No: 2019-05/41; date: 22.05.2019). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants (parents) included in the study. the ethical standards of its

  Keywords: limited single clinical main sample size statistical center prospective design placental vascular ethics consent committee
• Clinical Correlation of Placental Pathology in Medical Disorders of Pregnancy and Its Comparison in Normal Pregnancy (2026) · doi

  The study was limited by its small sample size and short duration, restricting the statistical power and generalizability of findings. Some patients had coexisting medical disorders, which may have confounded the correlation between specific placental changes and individual conditions. Additionally, quantitative morphometric analysis and immunohistochemical correlation were not performed, which could have provided deeper insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms involved.

  Keywords: correlation limited small sample size short duration restricting statistical power generalizability patients coexisting medical disorders