These results contribute to the literature by generalising claims about family capital to a Canadian student sample, where relatively few studies have empirically examined intergenerational transfers

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• Can cumulative disadvantages be reversed? Class attainment and a network analysis of intergenerational occupational pathways by migratory origin in Buenos Aires, Argentina (2026) · doi

  This study has some limitations that should be acknowledged. First, the analysis relies on cross-sectional survey data, which limits the ability to directly observe intergenerational processes as they unfold over time and constrains causal inference. As a result, the find- ings should be interpreted as associations between migratory origin, ethnic background, and educational attainment and class outcomes, rather than as causal effects. However, the use of retrospective information on parental char- acteristics (class origin, migratory origin, and ethnic descent) provides a consistent approximation of intergenerational class mobility pat- terns, a widely used strategy in the field. Within this framework, the analysis aims to identify inequalities across groups, offering valuable TABLE 1 Description of variables used (%).

  Keywords: origin class intergenerational causal migratory ethnic used limitations acknowledged first relies cross sectional survey limits
• The Influence of Grandparents on Access to Postsecondary Education (2026) · doi

  In this paper, we focus on postsecondary (or tertiary) educational attainment. PSE attainment is a key mechanism for the reproduction of income inequalities across generations. First, a large income premium is associated with postsecondary educa- tion in Canada, especially for graduates of bachelor’s programs (Boudarbat et al., 2010). In Canada, unequal access to PSE by parental income accounts for close to half of the overall estimate of intergenerational income transmission, with unequal access to bachelor’s programs driving most of that effect (Simard-Duplain & St- Denis, 2020a). Second, PSE, and specifically bachelor’s programs in the US, appears to play an equalizing role between children of different social origins (Hout, 1988; Pfeffer & Hertel, 2015; Torche, 2011), meaning that equal opportunity in access to PSE should translate into greater social mobility. More generally, addressing inequalities in access to PSE has been a core policy objective across OECD countries. Finally, parental background is more strongly associated with educational attainment than achievement (test scores or grades), which may in part be due to the fact that credentials represent a more visible signal to employers and attainment is more easily influenced by parental resources (Heisig et al., 2020). Many studies on the influence of grandparents on educational outcomes focus on measures of educational achievement (Engzell et al., 2020; Hällsten, 2014; Hällsten & Pfeffer, 2017; Modin et al., 2013). Others focus on educational attainment mea- sured in years of education (Barclay et al., 2021; Braun & Stuhler, 2018; Ferrie et al., 2020; Hällsten, 2014; Jæger, 2012; Lindahl et al., 2015). Meanwhile, only a few studies have focused on the influence of grand-parental SES on PSE attainment, and the evidence is contradictory evidence. Some studies find a net association between Canadian Studies in Population (2026) 53:2 1 3 2 Page 6 of 28 grandparental SES and access to college in the US (Loury, 2006) or tertiary education in Europe (Sheppard & Monden, 2018). Other studies using a broader range of mea- sures of parental characteristics find no direct effects for grandparents on categorical measures of educational attainment capturing access to PSE (Bol & Kalmijn, 2016; Warren & Hauser, 1997; Wightman & Danziger, 2014). In the Canadian context, PSE features a certain form of horizontal stratification, without prior tracking at the secondary level in most cases. On one hand, high school graduates can access bachelor’s programs (a prerequisite for graduate studies) and advanced professional degrees in medicine, law, engineering and other fields, offered by universities.3 On the other, they can access a wide range of trades and vocational attestations, certificates and diplomas offered by colleges and other similar institu- tions, which are associated with significantly lower earnings on average (Boothby & Drewes, 2006; Boudarbat et al., 2010) and lead to different occupations.4 We could find no studies of multigenerational inequalities investigating such horizontal strati- fication dynamics in education except for a study showing that access to vocational or academic upper secondary tracks in Sweden is influenced by grand-parents (Møl- legaard & Jæger, 2015). Our study intends to produce evidence on the multigenera- tional social mobility in the context of a horizontally differentiated PSE system. 4 Constructing a Multigenerational Genealogical Dataset with Tax

  Keywords: access attainment educational parental income bachelor programs focus inequalities associated social llsten education evidence find
• Socioeconomic differences in parental financial support, coresidence, and advice: A portrait of undergraduate students in the Canadian Prairies (2023) · doi

  These results contribute to the literature by generalising claims about family capital to a Canadian student sample, where relatively few studies have empirically examined intergenerational transfers as mechanisms for transmitting privilege during the transition to adulthood.

  Keywords: contribute literature generalising claims family capital canadian student sample relatively empirically examined intergenerational transfers mechanisms