While substantial attention has been paid to the impact of sudden disasters on survivors and bereaved relatives, little is known about the health risks to those who perform helper roles.

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 6 representative gaps

• Public Health's Role in Understanding Community Resilience (2012) · doi

  In public health, the term resilience or community resilience has not yet been widely explored, but as a sector focused on improving and sustaining the long-term health of communities (people and environment) as well as having a hand in preparedness and response to myriad public health emergencies, most would agree that community resilience is exactly what public health is focused on achieving.

  Keywords: health public resilience term community focused widely explored sector improving sustaining long communities people environment
• Compilation of Resilience Indicators for the Impact of Disasters Triggered by Natural Hazards on Public Health (2026) · doi

  Disasters triggered by natural hazards disrupt affected communities and pose complex challenges across many aspects, including public health. With this, the current literature paid significant attention to examining the multifaceted impacts of disasters on public health. Although formal health systems directly support disaster response, we argue that comprehensive health resilience extends beyond these systems, ensuring accessible, high-quality, and equitable health services while safeguarding individuals from health risks. Despite the criticality of this agenda, exploring the diverse indicators that can measure the full extent of the consequences of disasters on public health remains a gap in the domain literature. Thus, this work performs a systematic literature review to determine those indicators and provides a framework that allows policy- and decision-makers to achieve economies of scale and scope in crafting corresponding response strategies. Utilizing the PRISMA statement, 60 journal articles that highlight different in- dicators of resilience in public health amid natural hazard-induced disasters were obtained. A content analysis of these articles uncovered 42 unique indicators. Additionally, guided by the six building blocks of health systems from an established framework, the identified indicators were classified into 12 themes, encompassing crucial elements such as leadership and governance, health financing, medical 184 S. S. Evangelista et al. products, including vaccines and technologies, health information management systems, health workforce, and health service delivery. The examination of the 12 themes in relation to the health system building blocks was also discussed. Through thematic analysis, the study mapped out how each indicator is associated with each theme. These aspects underscore the crucial connections between the themes and indicators, highlighting the importance of interpreting each indicator within its associated theme to ensure meaningful analysis and informed decision-making. The themes and corresponding indicators could facilitate a more nuanced approach to the multifaceted dimensions of health impacts, promote the development of proac- tive measures to mitigate risks associated with hazard-induced disasters, and sup- port efficient resource allocation to areas with pressing needs. The indicators identified in this review could be used to identify hotspots, benchmark best practices, and facilitate the design of analytical models to measure the aggregate health resilience of communities to disaster-induced impacts. Furthermore, by structuring indicators around key dimensions of health-related resilience, the contribution of this study moves beyond descriptive compilation and provides a foundation for operationalizing community resilience in the context of health impacts, informing the development of composite indices and comparative assessments across communities. Nevertheless, the findings of this work are not free from limitations. First, it is important to note that the results of this study are limited to the keywords used in the systematic review search. In line with this perspective, future research could vali- date the findings by incorporating additional search keywords associated with the public health resilience indicators. Similarly, broadening the search scope might involve extending the timeline considered (i.e., 2012–2022). Second, the resulting 60 articles in the systematic literature review depend on the inclusion and exclusion criteria embedded in the PRISMA statement. Hence, future studies may relax specific restrictive criteria to enhance coverage and evaluate a larger number of pertinent articles. Third, although Google Scholar provides a broader database of research articles, the search results depend on its algorithm, which may mean that other relevant articles do not appear. Also, databases like Scopus and Web of Science can limit the search to include only articles published in respected journals, books, or proceedings. Fourth, mapping the identified themes may be restricted to the six building blocks of health systems in the Olu (2017) model. Using other frameworks in future studies may yield a different set of themes, while the indicators remain the same. Fifth, the resulting indicators may be used as inputs to performance dash- boards of governments and policy-makers for the health resilience of their respec- tive communities. Integrating these indicators into computational models is an interesting area for future work, as it enables the determination of aggregate mea- sures that describe the health resilience of communities against the impacts of

  Keywords: health indicators resilience articles themes disasters communities public impacts systems search literature review associated future
• The role of Nature‐based Solutions in disaster resilience in coastal Jamaica: current and potential applications for ‘building back better’ (2022) · doi

  The paper closes by outlining several research objectives that should be explored in the future to further the implementation of Nature-based Solutions for disaster resilience in Jamaica.

  Keywords: closes outlining several objectives explored future further implementation nature based solutions disaster resilience jamaica
• The Impact of a Military Air Disaster on The Health of Assistance Workers (1989) · doi

  While substantial attention has been paid to the impact of sudden disasters on survivors and bereaved relatives, little is known about the health risks to those who perform helper roles.

  Keywords: substantial attention paid impact sudden disasters survivors bereaved relatives little known health risks perform helper
• The concept of resilience: a bibliometric analysis of the emergency and disaster management literature (2018) · doi

  Despite the increased use of resilience in the academic and public policy arenas, the intellectual topography of this subject as it relates to emergency and disaster management contexts remains under-investigated.

  Keywords: despite increased resilience academic public policy arenas intellectual topography subject relates emergency disaster management contexts
• Island communities and disaster resilience: Applying the EnRiCH community resilience framework (2021) · doi

  This research addresses a significant gap in the literature on interventions that utilize a strengths-based approach to building adaptive capacity and resilience to disasters among at-risk populations.

  Keywords: addresses significant literature interventions utilize strengths based approach building adaptive capacity resilience disasters among risk