While the framework is contextualized within IIUM's Islamization vision, its core components are adaptable across institutions and need to be tested across diverse learning environments and institutio

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• Embedding Tawhidic Epistemology in Engineering Education Aligned with IEA 2021 Graduate Attributes (2026) · doi

  While the framework is contextualized within IIUM's Islamization vision, its core components are adaptable across institutions and need to be tested across diverse learning environments and institutional contexts.

  Keywords: across framework contextualized within iium islamization vision core components adaptable institutions need tested diverse learning
• Contextual Teaching in Islamic Education in the ERA of Artificial Intelligence (AI) (2026) · doi

  Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) in Islamic Education has been demonstrated only at small scale in isolated schools; a comprehensive, system-wide implementation framework across diverse Islamic education systems with varying socioeconomic and cultural contexts remains undeveloped and untested.

  Keywords: contextual teaching learning Islamic education system-wide implementation scalability framework
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) Dalam Pendidikan Islam: Peluang, Tantangan, Dan Etika Keislaman (2026) · doi

  While the paper proposes that AI-supported curriculum innovation can help Islamic educational institutions remain relevant amid globalization and technological change, it does not specify which curriculum adaptation models, content areas, or institutional contexts (e.g., primary vs. higher education, urban vs. rural) should be prioritized or how such innovations should be evaluated.

  Keywords: curriculum innovation adaptation globalization Islamic education institutional contexts scalability technology integration