The solid evidence that personality disorders can be treated effectively goes side by side with, on the one hand, sparse evidence for disorders other than borderline and for personality disorders co-o

The gap

Consensus across the literature

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• The Place of Action in Personality Change (1950) · doi

  To what extent such problems can be solved in therapy but outside the transference relationship is a matter upon which there is apparently no consensus of experience. For it is lacking in one im portant particular: The action which must intervene between the interpreta tion of the therapist and the personality change in the patient is not specified. The quantitative difference is so great, however, that a distinction is warranted; for if the concept of action is extended to include thought, then the concept is robbed of meaning.

  Keywords: action concept extent problems solved therapy outside transference relationship matter upon there apparently consensus experience
• Introduction to the Special Feature on the Integrated Treatment of Personality Disorder (2012) · doi

  The solid evidence that personality disorders can be treated effectively goes side by side with, on the one hand, sparse evidence for disorders other than borderline and for personality disorders co-occurrent with one another, and, on the other hand, with a relative lack of knowledge about the actual effective mechanisms of change that underpin successful psychotherapies.

  Keywords: disorders evidence personality side hand solid treated effectively goes sparse borderline occurrent relative lack knowledge
• Do Children Get Better When We Interpret Their Defenses Against Painful Feelings? (2007) · doi

  This paper puts forward the hypothesis (which remains to be systematically empirically verified or refuted) that this approach is not only a core element of defense analyses but may very well be common to all good psychodynamic treatments, regardless of the manifest theoretical orientation of the therapist or analyst, and regardless of the analyst's or therapist's explicit consideration that he or she is utilizing this approach.

  Keywords: approach regardless therapist analyst puts forward hypothesis remains systematically empirically verified refuted core element defense