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Open research questions in Climate Change Policy and Economics

109 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 1,820 Climate Change Policy and Economics papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Further research could investigate the causal relationships between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and GDP. Studies could examine the impact of renewable energy sources on GHG emissions in different regions.

    Characteristics of CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Electricity Generation · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in understanding how the U.S. electric utility industry has reduced GHG emissions. Prior work has shown a high positive correlation of energy consumption and emissions, but the paper aims to analyze the characteristics of the industry's GHG emissions and electricity production.

    Characteristics of CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Electricity Generation · 2026 · DOI

  • Attribution remains challenging because overlapping policies can confound estimates. The study faces the challenge of building a credible counterfactual of what emissions and economic outcomes would have occurred in the absence of Finland's carbon tax. The study also faces the challenge of evaluating the transmission mechanisms of Finland's carbon tax using a dynamic econometric framework.

    Carbon pricing, economic resilience, and transport decarbonization: evidence from Finland · 2026 · DOI

  • Attribution remains challenging because overlapping policies can confound estimates, - Producing principled uncertainty quantification within synthetic control analysis has received comparatively limited attention, - The results depend on donor composition and predictor selection

    Carbon pricing, economic resilience, and transport decarbonization: evidence from Finland · 2026 · DOI

  • investigating the impact of wildfire emissions on solar power generation in other regions - analyzing the effects of different types of aerosols on solar power generation - developing strategies for mitigating the impact of wildfire emissions on solar power generation

    Canada’s 2023 wildfire smoke caused a 2.8 percent drop in solar power generation, costing two billion dollars · 2026 · DOI

  • The need to account for the impact of wildfire emissions on photovoltaic energy production. The lack of understanding of the resilience of photovoltaic production in the face of large-scale wildfire events. The need for integrated transnational and intercontinental strategies in climate mitigation, energy security, and wildfire prevention.

    Canada’s 2023 wildfire smoke caused a 2.8 percent drop in solar power generation, costing two billion dollars · 2026 · DOI

  • further investigation into the effects of stagflation risk on supply chain performance, - exploration of alternative control methods to suppress chaotic dynamics

    Game complexity of pricing and emission reduction in low-carbon supply chains with government regulation and fairness concerns under stagflation risk · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap in existing research is the lack of consideration of fairness concerns and stagflation risk in low-carbon supply chain transitions. The study identifies the need for a dynamic Stackelberg game model that incorporates government regulation and fairness concerns.

    Game complexity of pricing and emission reduction in low-carbon supply chains with government regulation and fairness concerns under stagflation risk · 2026 · DOI

  • Further research could explore the impact of alternative regulatory policies on operations decisions. The long-run effects of energy transitions on regulated utilities could be examined in more detail.

    Energy Transitions in Regulated Markets · 2026 · DOI

  • The neglect of negative externalities from pollution in electricity markets. The lack of investment incentives for producers to invest in renewable generation capacity.

    A tax-subsidy scheme for efficient investment in renewable generation capacity · 2026 · DOI

  • The impact of rate-of-return regulation on energy transitions is not well understood. Prior work has not analyzed the tradeoffs between lowering costs and maintaining legacy capacity in the context of energy transitions.

    Energy Transitions in Regulated Markets · 2026 · DOI

  • Abstract How large are billionaires' carbon footprints? While increasing evidence highlights large disparities in emissions between and within countries, detailed individual‐level data on emissions portfolios remain scarce.

    The carbon content of billionaire wealth: composition, concentration and taxation · 2026 · DOI

  • The model abstracts from household-level heterogeneity and sectoral differences, which could be explored in future research for more detailed policy insights.

    Carbon taxation and emission trading in Vietnam: insights from E-DSGE model · 2025 · DOI

  • However, many carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies are in the early stages of development, and there is limited data to inform predictions of their future adoption.

    Modeling direct air carbon capture and storage in a 1.5 °C climate future using historical analogs · 2024 · DOI

  • Adoption varies widely across analogs, which share different strategic similarities with DACCS.

    Modeling direct air carbon capture and storage in a 1.5 °C climate future using historical analogs · 2024 · DOI

  • Examining ten advanced economies from 1995 to 2019, it identifies a significant gap in the literature concerning the integration of demographic, social, economic, and political (DSEP) factors in dual carbon economy models.

    Dual carbon economy modeling in advanced economies · 2024 · DOI

  • As a globally unified carbon pricing system has not yet been established, whether regionally operated ETSs cause carbon leakage remains a major concern.

    Carbon Abatement and Leakage in China’s Regional Carbon Emission Trading · 2024 · DOI

  • The gap in the literature is the lack of accurate risk measurement methods for China's carbon emissions trading market. The existing methods may not effectively capture the fat-tailed characteristics of the carbon return series.

    Risk Measurement of Chinese Carbon Emissions Trading Market Based on DCS-Type Models · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for subnational governments to take a more significant role in climate action. The lack of a transparent approach for integrating subnational variation into decarbonization modeling.

    Modeling Heterogeneous Subnational Climate Action through a Sectoral Tiering Framework: Implications for U.S. Decarbonization Pathways · 2026 · DOI

  • The trade-off between environmental services and agricultural production is a major challenge. The design of PES programs is a complex task. The paper's findings highlight the need for policymakers to consider the potential contractionary effects of PES.

    The Economic Effects of Payments for Environmental Services: Ecology Versus Economics? · 2026 · DOI

  • The macroeconomic implications of PES remain insufficiently understood. Prior work has focused on local outcomes or relied on partial equilibrium frameworks. There is a need for a general equilibrium model that captures the interactions between sectors, prices, and income.

    The Economic Effects of Payments for Environmental Services: Ecology Versus Economics? · 2026 · DOI

  • The inherent trade-off between model fidelity and computational tractability. The complexity of climate modeling and the need for a high-fidelity surrogate model. The need to enable regional agents to learn climate policies under multi-gas dynamics.

    Climate Surrogates for Scalable Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study with CICERO-SCM · 2026 · DOI

  • The inherent trade-off between model fidelity and computational tractability limits the number of scenarios that can be evaluated. The lack of a high-fidelity surrogate model hinders the exploration of alternative climate-policy regimes.

    Climate Surrogates for Scalable Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study with CICERO-SCM · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies can build on this research by examining the impact of climate policies on decoupling trajectories. Further research can investigate the role of technological innovation in promoting sustainable decarbonization. Additional studies can explore the application of the study's findings to other regions and countries.

    Decoupling economic growth and CO2 emissions: a geopolitical comparison of the EU and GCC energy transitions · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the literature on the decoupling of economic growth and CO2 emissions in the EU and GCC countries. The study aims to fill this gap by providing a comparative analysis of the two regions' decoupling trajectories.

    Decoupling economic growth and CO2 emissions: a geopolitical comparison of the EU and GCC energy transitions · 2026 · DOI

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109 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 1,820 Climate Change Policy and Economics papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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