Apart from traditional risk factors like hypertension and dyslipidemia, ambient temperature extremes-both cold

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the abstract and future-work section and stated research gap and future work of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2025 and 2026, spanning 4 journals. Those papers have been cited 3 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 4 representative gaps

• Global burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to temperature extremes in adults aged 40 years and older: Trends, inequalities, and projections (1990–2050) (2025) · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · cited 3× · doi

  Apart from traditional risk factors like hypertension and dyslipidemia, ambient temperature extremes-both cold and heat-have increasingly been recognized as important but underexplored contributors to IHD burden, with the impact of climate change necessitating a deeper understanding of temperature-related cardiovascular risks.

  generalabstract
  Keywords: temperature apart traditional risk factors like hypertension dyslipidemia ambient extremes cold heat increasingly recognized important
• Climate Change and Diabetes Outcomes: Evidence from Climate-Vulnerable Regions (2026) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi

  Future research should focus on improving exposure assessment, including the use of wearable sensors and high-resolution spatiotemporal models. There is a need for large, longitudinal cohort studies that follow individuals over time to quantify how repeated and cumulative exposure to heat, air pollution, and extreme events affect diabetes outcomes.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: future research focus improving exposure assessment including use
• Mortality risks of seasonal temperature anomalies and the unrecognized risk of winter warmth: a nationwide case-time series (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi

  Most climate adaptation strategies implicitly assume that health risks arise from observed thermal extremes rather than disruptions of expected seasonal conditions. The current understanding of temperature-related health risks is limited, particularly in the context of seasonal adaptations. There is a need to investigate the health effects of temperature anomalies, focusing on deviations from long-term climate normals.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: climate adaptation strategies implicitly assume health risks arise
• Climate change and hypertension: global trends, temporal patterns, and regional insights (2026) · Frontiers in Climate · doi

  temperature), or the diurnal Future research should address these limitations through multi-level analyses incorporating granular data to evaluate localized climate-hypertension relationships. High-resolution spatial analysis combining satellite temperature data, air quality measurements, and geocoded health records could identify hypertension “hot spots” and vulnerable populations. Annual temperature anomalies are coarse exposure proxies that cannot capture the sub-annual timing of acute exposures, the duration and intensity of heatwaves and cold spells, the role of humidity (apparent temperature range— all of which are increasingly recognized as physiologically relevant. Future inferential work on climate–hypertension relationships should employ such richer exposure metrics on shorter, higher-resolution windows where they are consistently available. Longitudinal cohort studies tracking individuals through relationships temperature extremes could establish temporal (Halonen et al., 2010; between exposure Chen and Ye, 2025; Giorgini et al., 2017). Natural experiment designs exploiting policy changes or infrastructure improvements could help identify effective interventions (Craig et al., 2017).

  generalfuture workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: temperature hypertension relationships exposure future climate resolution identify annual diurnal address limitations multi level analyses

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