Work, diet, medication, and in other aspects of self-care

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the future work and recommendations of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 1960 and 1987, spanning 3 journals. Those papers have been cited 6 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• The Significance of Open Communication in Working with Terminally Ill Clients (1987) · The Hospice Journal · cited 3× · doi

  A future fruitful line of inquiry would involve replicating the research to expanded, carefully matched groups of facilities such as health-related facilities, adult homes, and visiting nurse asso­ ciations. Social workers are employed in these settings, and the settings have dying patients. Such an expanded group of settings and a larger sample would provide increased knowledge and a greater understanding of the association between varying organi- 44 THE HOSPICE JOURNAL zational arrangements and the attitudes and job satisfaction of social workers when they are involved with terminally ill clients. If an ideal model of care which includes open communication was found to be operant in a setting, then research might inquire as to what the setting contributes toward the maintenance of this model of care for dying patients. The concept of open communi­ cation can assist social workers and other staff to feel more posi­ tively toward their clients and jobs, and, in turn, clients would gain more assistance in working through life-death problems. NOTES 1. Anselm Strauss, Barney Glaser & Jeanne Quint, "The Non-Accountability of Terminal Care," Hospitals 38 (January 1964): 73. 2. Ibid., p. 74. 3. Blau & Scott (1964), Barney G. Glaser & Anselm Strauss, Awareness of Dying (Chicago: Aldinc, 1966); William Exton, Jr., The Age of Systems (New York: American Management Association, 1972). 4. Joan K. Parry, "Social Workers and the Terminally Ill: Social Workers' Feel­ ings about Clients, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Settings" (DSW dissertation, Wurzwcilcr School of Social Work, Yeshiva University, 1983). 5. For example, Harriet Bartlett, Social Work Practice in the Health Field (New York: NASW, 1961); Zelda Foster, "How Social Work Can Influence Hospital Man­ agement of Fatal Illness," Social Work 10 (October 1965); Richard Goldberg & Robert M. Tull, The Psychosocial Dimensions of Cancer (New York: The Free Press, 1983); Carleton Pilscckcr, "Help for the Dying," Social Work 20 (May 1975). 6. Minna Field, Patients Are People, 3rd ed. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1967), p. 155. 7. Foster, "How Social Work Can Influence Hospital Management and Fatal Ill­ ness." 8. Kenneth P. Cohen, Hospice (Germantown, MD: Aspen Systems Corporation, I 979), p. 31. 9. Report of the Royal Victoria Hospital on the Palliative Care Service-Pilot Project (Montreal: McGill University, January 1975). JO. Arthur H. Brayficld and Harold F. Rothe, "An Index of Job Satisfaction," Journal of Applied Psychology 35 (October 1951): 318. 11. Claire Scllitz, Lawrence S. Wrightsman & Stuart W. Cook, Research Methods in Social Relations, 3rd ed. (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1967), p. 570. 12. Scllitz ct al., p. 178. 13. Ibid., p. 173. 14. On each item, respondents were given the following scores: 4 for always, 3 for almost always, 2 for half the time, 1 for rarely, and O for never. Possible total scores ranged from O to 40. Actual scores ranged from 12 to 40 with a mean of 28.5 and a standard deviation of 6.0. Correlation coefficients of total index scores with individual items ranged from .51 to .72 but tended to be between .63 and .72.

  generalfuture work
  Keywords: social workers york settings dying clients care scores patients satisfaction university hospital ranged expanded facilities
• A Group Approach to the Cardiac Patient (1960) · Social Casework · cited 3× · doi

  concerning work, diet, medication, and in other aspects of self-care. stance the patient, his family, and society suffer, and the resultant problems are familiar to social workers in all settings. pro vided individualized services to these pa tients in an effort to help them work through their anxiety and make the neces sary adjustments to their illness. Basically, the approach has been to encourage the expression of conscious fears regarding re currence and death and to clarify miscon ceptions before they become so ingrained they are difficult in the personality that to change. Many patients, however, have not been able to utilize individual service because their fear and anxiety lead them to deny the problem or to resort to other forms of resistance.

  generalrecommendationsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: them anxiety concerning diet medication aspects self care stance patient family society suffer resultant problems
• Hospital Management of Heroin Addicts Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Team Approach (1973) · British Journal of Addiction to Alcohol & Other Drugs · doi

  The following measures were devised in an effort to deal with the above factor, alleviate the patient's anxiety and facilitate the patient's hospitalization. (1) The patient should be admitted to a semi-private room. This removes him from Management of Heroin Addicts undergoing Cardiac Surgery 343 the multiple anxieties engendered in the ward setting and also has the added ad- vantage of making the patient feel "special". To a degree it removes him from the structure of the drug culture. The rooms are equipped with television and a telephone enabling the patients to continue communication with the outside world and allowing him to maintain a sense of control. (2) The social worker should begin to see the patient as soon after admission as possible. The patient is often found in a crisis and is more amenable to intervention at this time. "The social worker should become involved with significant persons on the patients life in an attempt to understand the systems which would influence his life style and behavioral patterns. (3) Multi-disciplinary teams consisting of psychologists, psychiatrists, surgeon and social workers should be utilized to better understand and deal with the specific social, psychological, and medical problems posed by this patient group and the staff that works with him. (4) The atmosphere should be as highly structured as possible. Each procedure should be carefully explained and concretely outlined. The doctor, nurse, and social worker should be specific in letting the patient know as to when he or she will next return. This patient is Exquisitively sensitive to rejection and this may be acted out by signing out AMA from the hospital. It is important for the medical staff not to transmit their anxiety and uncertainty about this enigmatic disease to the patient. In order to facilitate further structure a detailed written activity schedule should be given to the patient. (5) It is essential for the patient to have a relationship with one primary physician with whom the patient can discuss his questions and concerns. This also reinforces the patient's "specialness". (6) These patients regress easily after a long period of hospitalization and functioning in the community becomes increasingly difficult. The social worker should be avail- able on an ongoing basis to discuss the patient's responses to leaving the hospital on pass and subsequent re-entry into the community. (7) The structure of the informal drug community can be used to therapeutic advantage. Other members of the drug community who have undergone this procedure can help orient and support the patient during his hospitalization and return to the community. (8) Methadone maintenance, tranquilizers and anti-depressants should be utilized for specific clinical indications.

  generalrecommendationsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: patient social community worker hospitalization structure drug patients specific deal anxiety facilitate removes possible life

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