Employing longitudinal designs to track the development and outcomes of graduate attributes over time

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the future-work section and inline gaps and stated challenges of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2024 and 2026, spanning 3 journals. Those papers have been cited 3 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• From classroom to career: How graduate attributes shape employability and entrepreneurial intentions in the UAE (2026) · Industry and Higher Education · doi

  employ longitudinal designs to track the development and outcomes of graduate attributes over time - expanding the model to include mediating factors (e.g., self-efficacy, perceived behavioural control) or moderating variables (e.g., industry type, gender, field of study) - comparative studies across countries or between public and private institutions - explore how students acquire digital and entrepreneurial competencies both inside and outside formal education settings

  generalfuture-work section
  Keywords: employ longitudinal designs track development outcomes graduate attributes
• The Effect of Entrepreneurship and Craft Subject Learning, Income Expectations, and Family Environment on Entrepreneurial Interest among Eleventh-Grade Students at SMAN 1 Papar (2026) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS · doi

  Variables such as entrepreneurial self-efficacy, personality traits, peer influence, digital entrepreneurship exposure, access to capital, and entrepreneurial motivation may also contribute to students’ entrepreneurial interest and should be explored in future research. Future research is recommended to involve broader samples across different educational institutions and regions and to incorporate additional variables such as entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial motivation, peer influence, digital literacy, and access to entrepreneurial resources.

  generalinline gapsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: entrepreneurial variables self efficacy peer influence digital access motivation future personality traits entrepreneurship exposure capital
• Exploring Entrepreneurial Intention and Student Engagement of Youth Living in Poverty (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · cited 3× · doi

  The study identifies the challenge of decreasing learning interest among male and younger students, particularly when they consider the curriculum irrelevant to their future endeavors. Peer influence may create pressure affecting school experiences, especially at the adolescent stage. The study highlights the need for stable household incomes, supportive school communities, and increasing favorable personal perspectives to strengthen entrepreneurial intention and student engagement.

  generalstated challengesevidence 5/5
  Keywords: study identifies challenge decreasing learning interest among male

Questions about this gap