Finally, an evaluation framework with quantum-native

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the inline gaps and stated research gap and stated challenges of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2017 and 2026, spanning 7 journals. Those papers have been cited 1,027 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 8 representative gaps

• Building logical qubits in a superconducting quantum computing system (2017) · npj Quantum Information · cited 510× · doi

  97,98 Software In the end, when an O(100) system is built, how would such a system be operated? It still remains to be seen what will be the assembly language of such a quantum network, to take simple instruction sets in a user-defined program, to be translated into sequences of microwave and/or flux signals that are applied to the qubits directly.

  generalinline gapsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: system software built operated still remains seen assembly language quantum network take simple instruction sets
• A digitally controlled silicon quantum processing unit (2026) · Nature · cited 2× · doi

  The development of commercially viable quantum computers requires efficient fabrication of qubit chips and control-signal generation and delivery systems. The disconnect between qubit chip development and control-signal hardware must be resolved. The system must be scalable and compatible with advanced semiconductor manufacturing.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: development commercially viable quantum computers requires efficient fabrication
• SCALABLE QUANTUM INSPIRED DATA PROCESSING ARCHITECTURE FOR REAL TIME CYBER PHYSICAL SYSTEMS AND AUTONOMOUS DECISION INTELLIGENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS (2026) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY · doi

  Existing quantum inspired models are designed for batch processing or offline optimization, lacking real-time scalability. The paper identifies the need for a scalable quantum inspired architecture for real-time CPS and autonomous decision intelligence.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: existing quantum inspired models designed batch processing offline
• Quantum Computing: Next-Generation Computational Paradigm (2026) · International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology · doi

  The physical limitations of classical transistor scaling. The inherent intractability of certain mathematical problems. The need for a multi-layered system architecture to bridge the gap between high-level algorithmic intent and low-level physical qubit control.

  generalstated challengesevidence 5/5
  Keywords: physical limitations classical transistor scaling inherent intractability certain
• Building logical qubits in a superconducting quantum computing system (2017) · npj Quantum Information · cited 510× · doi

  The paper identifies the gap in demonstrating a quantum memory, in which a system of interacting qubits stores an encoded logical qubit state longer than the incorporated parts. The paper identifies the gap in developing scalable fault-tolerant quantum computers. The paper identifies the gap in understanding the limitations of current quantum computing systems.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: paper identifies gap demonstrating quantum memory system interacting
• Superconducting qubits in the millions: The potential and limitations of modularity (2026) · Physical Review Applied · doi

  The paper identifies a gap in the accurate estimates of the tangible scale of future FTQCs, based on transparent assumptions. The paper identifies a need for a fault-tolerant architecture that can estimate the physical resources required to execute specific quantum algorithms.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: paper identifies gap accurate estimates tangible scale future
• The role of quantum computing in advancing scientific high-performance computing: A perspective from the ADAC institute (2026) · Future Generation Computer Systems · cited 4× · doi

  The lack of scalability in current quantum systems for practical applications. The need for a practical tiering of tasks in integrating quantum computing into high-performance computing ecosystems. The challenge of addressing the classical burden in scaling up quantum computing systems.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: lack scalability current quantum systems practical applications need
• Rethinking Services in the Quantum Age: The SOQ Paradigm (2026) · ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology · cited 1× · doi

  The absence of robust software engineering practices for quantum computing. The lack of a paradigm that positions quantum services as autonomous, composable, and interoperable entities. The need for a layered technology stack to support the realization of SOQ.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: absence robust software engineering practices quantum computing lack

Questions about this gap