Future studies can explore the causal relationships

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the future-work section and stated research gap and stated challenges of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2025 and 2026, spanning 5 journals. Those papers have been cited 28 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 7 representative gaps

• Peran Artificial Intelligence dalam Pembelajaran Adaptif untuk Meningkatkan Keterlibatan Siswa SMP (2026) · JINEA Journal of Innovation in Education and Learning · doi

  Future research should focus on empirical studies on AI in middle school education, including the impact on student engagement and motivation. Studies should investigate the effectiveness of AI implementation in different contexts and populations. Research should also explore the potential benefits and challenges of AI in education, including the need for digital literacy, pedagogical competence, and infrastructure.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: future research focus empirical studies middle school education
• Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A Global Statistical Synthesis for Policy and Quality Assurance Reform (2026) · Education Sciences · cited 4× · doi

  The gap in empirically grounded syntheses that consolidate global evidence on AI adoption in higher education. The lack of integrated cross-domain synthesis and statistically grounded overview of AI adoption, use, and governance across higher education systems. The need to examine the impact of AI on higher education systems, including student learning practices, faculty workflows, and institutional operations.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: gap empirically grounded syntheses consolidate global evidence adoption
• Perspectives of academic staff on artificial intelligence in higher education: exploring areas of relevance (2025) · Frontiers in Education · cited 22× · doi

  The study identifies an intention–behavior gap that warrants further investigation into factors such as AI literacy and structural conditions in higher education. The research highlights the need for further discussion and development of adequate support services for higher education teaching and learning in the age of AI. The study notes that the sample cannot be generalized to the higher education landscape of Germany and Austria.

  generalstated challengesevidence 5/5
  Keywords: study identifies intention behavior gap warrants further investigation
• What impact does AI literacy have on university students’ behavioral intention to use generative AI in art education? a quantitative analysis based on the UTAUT model (2026) · Education and Information Technologies · doi

  Limited studies have examined AI literacy in art education and creative learning environments. There is a need to understand the factors influencing university students' behavioral intention to use generative AI in art education. The study aims to address the gap in existing research by investigating the impact of AI literacy on university students' behavioral intention to use generative AI in art education.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: limited studies have examined literacy art education creative
• Integrating artificial intelligence into preservice teacher education: enhancing AI literacy and digital material design competency (2026) · Education and Information Technologies · cited 2× · doi

  Further research could investigate the long-term effects of AI-integrated instructional technology courses on pre-service teachers' AI literacy and digital material design competencies. Studies could explore the impact of AI-integrated curricula on student learning outcomes. Research could examine the effectiveness of different AI literacy frameworks in supporting pre-service teachers' development.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: further research investigate long-term effects ai-integrated instructional technology
• AI Literacy Among Vietnamese University Students: Current Status and Influencing Factors (2026) · Social Sciences · doi

  Future studies can explore the causal relationships between variables - Future studies can investigate the impact of AI education on students' academic adaptability and future employability - Future studies can develop and validate AI literacy frameworks for different contexts and populations - Future studies can examine the effectiveness of different interventions in improving AI literacy

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: future studies explore causal relationships between variables investigate
• AI Literacy Among Vietnamese University Students: Current Status and Influencing Factors (2026) · Social Sciences · doi

  The study faces the challenge of limited empirical evidence focusing on Vietnamese higher education. The study also faces the challenge of identifying the hierarchical influencing factors of AI literacy, which requires a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationships between demographic characteristics, campus AI learning environment, individual AI learning experience, perceived AI value, and student AI literacy. The study faces the challenge of ensuring the rigor and accuracy of empirical conclusions, which requires careful consideration of the research design, data collection, and data analysis procedures.

  generalstated challengesevidence 5/5
  Keywords: study faces challenge limited empirical evidence focusing vietnamese

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