Future studies can investigate the long-term effects

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the recommendations and future-work section of the source papers, classified as general, spanning 3 journals.

Supporting evidence — 4 representative gaps

• Evaluating the Impact of Passive Design Strategies on Mid-Rise Condominium Performance in Eti-Osa, Lagos, Nigeria (2026) · International Journal of Advanced Academic Research · doi

  i. Passive design principles should be integrated into the planning and design of future condominium developments to improve thermal comfort, indoor environmental quality, and energy efficiency. ii. Architects and developers should prioritize cross ventilation, adequate natural daylighting, and climate-responsive building orientation during the design stage to minimize dependence on mechanical cooling systems. iii. Existing condominium buildings should be retrofitted with additional passive design features such as external shading devices, improved ventilation pathways, green courtyards, and landscaped outdoor spaces to enhance environmental performance. iv. Government agencies, professional bodies, and housing developers should promote awareness and provide technical guidelines on passive design strategies to encourage their wider adoption in residential developments. v. Financial incentives, policy support, and sustainable housing regulations should be introduced features and environmentally sustainable building materials into residential projects. vi. Facility managers and residents should adopt proper maintenance practices to preserve the functionality and long-term effectiveness of passive design elements, particularly ventilation openings, shading devices, and landscape features. vii. Future studies should evaluate the performance of passive design strategies in other residential building typologies across different climatic zones in Nigeria and incorporate building performance simulation techniques to validate occupants' perceptions with measured environmental data. incorporate passive design to encourage developers to REFERENCES Ali, G., Robert, W., & Hassan, H. (2024). The role of passive techniques in modern sustainable architecture. KHWARIZMIA, 105–117. Altan, H., Hajibandeh, M., Tabet Aoul, K. A., & Deep, A. (2016). Passive design. In ZEMCH: Toward the Delivery of Zero Energy Mass Custom Homes (pp. 209–236). Anand, V., Kadiri, V. L., & Putcha, C. (2023). Passive buildings: A state-of-the-art review. Journal of Infrastructure Preservation and Resilience, 4(1), 3. 53 International Journal of Advanced Academic Research| ISSN: 2488-9849 Vol. 12, Issue 8 (2026) | https://doi.org/10.46654/bhxw1h39 Atwa, M. (2016). Architectural design with environmental solutions as a scope for sustainability: Achieving energy efficiency in buildings passively. Journal of Buildings and Sustainability, 1(1). Fernandez-Antolin, M. M., del Río, J. M., Costanzo, V., Nocera, F., & Gonzalez- Lezcano, R. in different Spanish A. (2019). Passive design strategies for residential buildings climate zones. Sustainability, 11(18), 4816. Hyde, R. (2017). Refining the principles of passive design. Architectural Science Review, 60(5), 357– 359. Lee, J., Lee, K. S., & Lim, J. (2015

  generalrecommendationsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: design passive buildings environmental building residential energy developers ventilation features performance strategies sustainable journal sustainability
• Evaluating the Impact of Passive Design Strategies on Mid-Rise Condominium Performance in Eti-Osa, Lagos, Nigeria (2026) · International Journal of Advanced Academic Research · doi

  Future studies can investigate the long-term effects of passive design strategies on building energy use. Research can be conducted to develop more effective passive design strategies for residential buildings in tropical climates. The study's findings can be used to inform the development of sustainable design guidelines for residential buildings in Nigeria.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: future studies investigate long-term effects passive design strategies
• AI-Assisted Passive Design Strategies for Climate-Responsive Affordable Housing in Nigeria: A Systematic Literature Review and Conceptual Framework (2026) · Iconic Research and Engineering Journals · doi

  Further research is needed to explore the application of AI in climate-responsive affordable housing in tropical developing countries. The study suggests that future research should focus on developing and testing AI-assisted passive design frameworks for affordable housing in tropical developing countries. The study highlights the importance of considering climate-responsive design in affordable housing in tropical developing countries.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: further research needed explore application climate-responsive affordable housing
• Thermal Comfort Performance in Mixed-Use High-Rise Buildings in Southwestern Nigeria: Implications for Climate-Responsive Design in Ogbomoso (2026) · Scholarly Journal of Science and Technology Research and Development · doi

  Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are proposed: 1. Prioritize passive cooling: Future mixed-use high-rise buildings should incorporate passive cooling strategies from the early design stage to reduce dependence on air- conditioning and improve thermal comfort. 2. Optimize building orientation: Building orientation should be carefully planned to minimize excessive solar exposure while supporting effective natural ventilation across different floor levels. 3. Improve solar shading: Overhangs, horizontal and vertical fins, louvers, recessed openings and façade screens should be appropriately integrated to control direct solar radiation and reduce indoor heat gain. 4. Strengthen natural ventilation: Window positioning, opening sizes and internal layouts should support cross-ventilation, while atriums, ventilation shafts and other appropriate air pathways may be incorporated where feasible.

  generalrecommendationsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: ventilation solar passive cooling reduce improve building orientation natural based following recommendations proposed prioritize future

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