The relationship between observed dimmings and true MFR

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the stated research gap and stated challenges and future-work section and abstract of the source papers, classified as general, spanning 2 journals.

Supporting evidence — 4 representative gaps

• A nominally confined X6.4 flare associated with an extremely faint coronal mass ejection (2026) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi

  The conventional eruptive and confined classification has a practical limitation when CME detectability is poor. There is a need for improved understanding of the physical mechanisms underlying solar eruptions and their impact on the solar-terrestrial system. The study highlights the importance of combining multiwavelength EUV observations, coronal dimming diagnostics, and complementary viewpoints to identify faint CMEs.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: conventional eruptive confined classification has practical limitation cme
• Evolution of Coronal Mass Ejection Properties through Superposed Epoch Analysis from 0.2 to 2.2 au (2026) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi

  The study of CME properties is challenging due to the complexity of the solar wind and the variability of CMEs. The analysis of CME properties requires the use of advanced statistical techniques, such as superposed epoch analysis. The interpretation of CME data is challenging due to the limited number of in situ measurements available.

  generalstated challengesevidence 5/5
  Keywords: study cme properties challenging due complexity solar wind
• A nominally confined X6.4 flare associated with an extremely faint coronal mass ejection (2026) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi

  Future studies should investigate the physical mechanisms underlying the formation and evolution of faint CMEs. Research should focus on developing more accurate models of solar eruptions and their impact on the solar-terrestrial system. The development of improved coronagraph observations and data analysis techniques is necessary to detect faint CMEs.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 4/5
  Keywords: future studies investigate physical mechanisms underlying formation evolution
• Tracing magnetic flux rope footpoints in AR 12975 with coronal dimmings and data-driven magnetofrictional simulations (2026) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi

  However, the relationship between observed dimmings and true MFR footpoint locations remains uncertain due to limitations and uncertainties in both detection methods as well as coronal magnetic field modelling caused by the complexity of eruptive events.

  generalabstractevidence 3/5
  Keywords: relationship observed dimmings true footpoint locations remains uncertain limitations uncertainties detection well coronal magnetic field

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