Investigation of methods to upgrade the LPs for direct fuel applications

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the stated research gap and future work and future-work section of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2025 and 2026, spanning 4 journals. Those papers have been cited 15 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 5 representative gaps

• Activation of H2O2/PDS/PMS by Iron-Based Biochar Derived from Fenton Sludge for Oxidative Removal of 2,4-DCP and As(III) (2025) · Water · cited 10× · doi

  The need for efficient methods to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol and As(III) from aqueous solutions - The lack of effective catalysts for activating persulfate and oxidizing toxic pollutants - The requirement for a simple and cost-effective method for preparing iron-based biochar catalysts

  generalstated research gap
  Keywords: need efficient methods remove dichlorophenol iii aqueous solutions
• Regenerable Biochar Catalyst from Biogas Residue for Peroxymonosulfate Activation in Bisphenol A-Containing Wastewater Treatment (2025) · Water · cited 5× · doi

  The paper identifies the need for sustainable treatment technologies for biogas residue and emerging contaminants like bisphenol A. The study highlights the lack of efficient methods for reusing catalysts in wastewater treatment. The paper notes the importance of developing cost-effective and functional biochar from biogas residue.

  generalstated research gap
  Keywords: paper identifies need sustainable treatment technologies biogas residue
• Sludge-based catalysts for the remediation of PAH-contaminated sediments (2026) · Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management · doi

  In order to develop a green and environmentally friendly catalyst for the persulfate system, this study used sewage treatment sludge containing iron and manganese as a raw material to prepare activated carbon containing Fe and Mn by pyrolysis, and used it to activate the persulfate system to degrade BaP in sediments. ■ Biochar with catalytic properties was prepared by pyrolysis of iron-manganese sludge from a sewage treatment plant. Different pyrolysis temperatures and times were used in the experiment, and the optimal preparation conditions were determined by compari- son: 800 °C for 2 h. ■ The processed sludge biochar was used to activate persulfate for the degradation of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in sediments. The experiment examined the impact of variables like catalyst quantity, persulfate concentration, and reaction pH on degradation ef- ficiency. The findings indicated that, under ideal cir- cumstances, the BaP removal rate was 99.85%. ■ The research, using material characterization and quenching tests, identified active species including •SO₄⁻, •OH, and ¹O₂ in this environment, which to- gether facilitated the degradation of BaP via both radical and non-radical mechanisms. In addition, the presence of iron and manganese oxides and func- tional groups on the material surface significantly enhanced the catalytic activity. This study successfully prepared a biochar catalyst that can efficiently activate PMS to degrade BaP using sew- age treatment sludge containing iron and manganese as raw materials. This provides a new method for controlling polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution in sediments and developing catalysts for the persulfate system. At the same time, there are also shortcomings in our experiment: First, the experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions, and environmental variables such as temperature, humidity, and actual pollutant concentrations may be different in the real environment, which leads to the need for further verification of the practical applicabil- ity of the experimental results. Second, there is insufficient research on the long-term application effects. Although the system has shown high degradation efficiency in a short period of time, the stability and regeneration ability of the catalyst and its potential impact on the environment have not yet been explored. Finally, there is a lack of research on complex pollutants. This study focused on the degra- dation of BaP, but pollutants in the real environment are often a mixture of various organic compounds. In the fu- ture, research should be conducted on the performance of this catalytic system when multiple organic pollutants are present at the same time. Based on the above three con- siderations, we believe that future research can be further extended to experiments in real environments to verify the performance of the catalyst under complex environmen- tal conditions and optimize the operating conditions for practical applications. In order to improve economic and environmental sustainability, future research could investi- gate the regeneration and reuse of the catalyst to reduce costs and minimise waste. Future research could explore the synergistic removal of different PAHs and other organic pollutants by the activated sludge biochar persulfate sys- tem, thereby expanding its scope of application and im- proving its practical treatment capabilities.

  generalfuture workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: catalyst persulfate system sludge used treatment iron manganese biochar experiment conditions degradation environment pollutants containing
• Hydrogen Production from Corn Stover Pyrolysis Enhanced by Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis Char-CaO (2026) · Environments · doi

  The lack of effective methods for utilizing municipal sewage sludge as a resource. The need for efficient catalysts to enhance hydrogen production from biomass pyrolysis. The limited understanding of the synergistic effects of combining different catalysts for biomass pyrolysis.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: lack effective methods utilizing municipal sewage sludge resource
• Thermochemical Conversion of Wastewater Sludge from Ribbed Smoked Sheet (RSS) Rubber Production: Pyrolysis Product Distribution, Physicochemical Characteristics, and Energy Potential (2026) · Resources · doi

  Investigation of methods to upgrade the LPs for direct fuel applications. Study of the effects of pyrolysis temperature on the chemical composition of biochar. Exploration of the potential of RSS wastewater sludge as a feedstock for other thermochemical conversion processes.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: investigation methods upgrade lps direct fuel applications study

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