The following recommendations were made from the findings

The gap

Evidence profile

Stated in the recommendations section of the source papers, classified as general, spanning 3 journals.

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• Participatory development communication as a catalyst for learning, empowerment, and sustainable livelihoods: evidence from a citrus farming project in Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines (2026) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi

  The findings of this study generate important implications for policy, practice, and future research. From a policy perspective, there is a need to mainstream Participatory Development Communication within national and local agricultural extension frameworks to institutionalize inclusive and dialogical approaches. This includes strengthening long-term investments in capacity- building programs that integrate not only technical training but also communication and facilitation competencies among extension workers. Policies should also formally recognize farmers as epis- temic agents, ensuring that local knowledge is systematically inte- grated into research, planning, and decision-making processes. Furthermore, enhanced collaboration among government agencies, research institutions, and local stakeholders is essential to sustain participatory and community-driven extension models. In terms of practical implications, extension practice must be reoriented from directive, top-down teaching toward facilitative engagement that prioritizes dialogue, critical reflection, and co-learn- ing. Scaling up peer-based learning mechanisms, such as farmer-to- farmer mentoring and community learning groups, can further strengthen knowledge diffusion and social capital within farming communities. The use of context-sensitive, culturally grounded com- munication strategies is also crucial for improving participation and inclusivity. Additionally, strengthening farmer organizations as plat- forms for sustained collaboration, leadership development, and col- lective problem-solving can enhance the long-term viability of participatory initiatives. Finally, directions for future research should focus on employing longitudinal research designs to better understand the durability of empowerment outcomes and livelihood resilience over time. Expanding the empirical scope across diverse agricultural systems and geographic regions will help improve the external validity of findings. Employing mixed-methods approaches may also help in generating more robust evidence of program impacts. Moreover, future studies should explore the role of digital, multimodal, and hybrid communi- cation platforms in advancing participatory extension, particularly in rapidly evolving rural and technological contexts.

  generalstated in recommendationsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: extension participatory future local farmer implications policy practice development communication within agricultural approaches strengthening long
• Effect of Land Speculators Activities on Crop Farming Management Practices in Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State (2026) · NIU journal of social sciences. · doi

  The following recommendations were made from the findings of the study: - Extension services should seek to deploy intervention programmes that will intensify dissemination land management strategies in improving crop farming practices for increased productivity among farmers. information on - There should be strict compliance to land use act and town planning master plan as designed by the government planning authorities, such that lands are not committed to the purpose they are not meant for.

  generalstated in recommendationsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: land farming farmers there planning lands committed purposes aside fertility following recommendations made extension services
• Indigenous Knowledge and Adoption of Backyard Farming among Rurban Households in Northern Ghana: Implications for Food Security and Livelihood Resilience (2026) · International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research · doi

  1. Policy Recommendations Backyard farming should be formally acknowledged by district agricultural authorities as a potential part IJFMR260484843 Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026 17 International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email: [email protected] of the local food security and climate adaptation measures. To create specific support programs for backyard farmers as part of agricultural extension services, which would involve training them on better agronomic practices, climate-smart farming, and soil management. Backyard farming should be part of the district development, food security, and environmental sustainability policies of local government. 2. Practice-Oriented Recommendations There is a need to expand the community-based awareness programs on successful backyard farming practices. Encourage dialogue and cooperation among crop farmers and livestock owners to help resolve issues related to free-range livestock systems and offer planting opportunities sooner. Households should be encouraged to develop their capacities in the use of manure and reusing nutrients in the crop–livestock system. Indigenous knowledge-sharing platforms at the community level should be established to provide intergenerational transfer of indigenous agriculture knowledge.

  generalstated in recommendationsevidence 3/5
  Keywords: backyard farming ijfmr part livestock recommendations district agricultural local food security climate programs farmers practices

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