The implementation of the Electronic-Based Government System has accelerated the digitalization of the bureaucracy

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the recommendations and inline gaps and future work and stated research gap and future-work section of the source papers, classified as general, spanning 8 journals.

Supporting evidence — 8 representative gaps

• Public Innovation Governance in Regional Data Integration: An Analysis of the Simata Policy in South Sumatra (2026) · Eduvest - Journal Of Universal Studies · doi

  INTRODUCTION Digital transformation is no longer understood as a sectoral technological agenda but as a national development priority (Díaz-Arancibia et al., 2024; Kaggwa et al., 2023; Syed et al., 2023). In the 2025–2029 RPJMN, digital transformation is affirmed as one of the national priorities, which includes strengthening digital infrastructure, public literacy, and developing a digital economy based on cutting-edge technology. This position is aligned with the National RPJP 2025–2045, which serves as a guideline for long-term national development. Thus, the digitalization of government and public services must be understood as part of the country’s development architecture, not merely a short-term administrative project (Ministry of National 5667 Development Planning/Bappenas, 2025; Republic of Indonesia, 2024; Republic of Indonesia, 2025). Within this framework, Indonesia’s One Data Policy serves as an institutional foundation to ensure that digital transformation does not stop at application digitization, but produces data- based governance. Presidential Regulation Number 39 of 2019 emphasizes that One Data Indonesia is directed toward producing government data that are accurate, up-to-date, integrated, accountable, and easily accessible and shared between institutions through data standards, metadata, interoperability, reference codes, and master data. Nationally, the urgency of this policy is increasingly strong because the challenge of data-driven development lies precisely in fragmentation and weak integration across sectors, both at the central and regional levels (Ministry of National Development Planning/Bappenas, 2026; Republic of Indonesia, 2019). The implementation of One Data in South Sumatra is administratively based on Governor Regulation Number 4 of 2021 and Governor Decree Number 892/2021. Through this framework, SIMATA is transformed from a mere reporting platform into a governance instrument that integrates the production cycle, verification, and cross-sectoral data dissemination. This position places Diskominfo as an operational node in consolidating data work among OPDs to make it more standardized and coordinated (Governor of South Sumatra, 2021a, 2021b; South Sumatra Provincial Government, 2023). However, the effectiveness of SIMATA requires more than digital readiness alone. Based on the 2023 One Data Coordination Meeting, institutional strengthening, SOP development, and data synchronization between provinces and districts/cities are absolute prerequisites for valid planning and implementation. The crucial point lies in the consistency of OPDs in supplying up-to-date and interoperable data. This challenge aligns with the studies of Bernot et al. (2024) and Ahmadi (2026), which identify that the main obstacles to One Data Indonesia often stem from administrative and

  generalrecommendations
  Keywords: development digital national indonesia based transformation government planning republic number south sumatra governor understood sectoral
• Applications of digital governance in public administration: A systematic review of Southeast Asian studies (2026) · International Journal of Social Science Research and Policy Studies (INSORPS) · doi

  National governments and public administration agencies across Southeast Asia may strengthen interoperability policies and inter-agency digital coordination systems to reduce fragmentation among public databases, licensing platforms, and administrative service portals. Development of unified standards for data exchange and digital coordination may improve administrative efficiency and reduce duplication across agencies. Public sector institutions may expand digital literacy and technical capability programs for both government personnel and citizens, particularly in rural and lower-capacity communities. Targeted training programs for local government units, frontline personnel, and marginalized populations may improve accessibility and long-term utilization of digital public services. Regulatory agencies and legislative institutions may strengthen legal frameworks related to cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, data privacy, and digital accountability. More consistent regulatory enforcement and updated governance policies may improve public trust and reduce uncertainty surrounding digital governance implementation. Regional organizations and development institutions may support collaborative digital governance initiatives across Southeast Asia through technical cooperation, comparative benchmarking programs, and regional knowledge- sharing platforms. Stronger regional collaboration may generate more consistent governance standards and support lower-capacity states in digital transformation initiatives. Future researchers may conduct longitudinal and comparative studies that examine long-term governance outcomes, citizen trust formation, administrative adaptation, and institutional sustainability associated with digital governance reforms. Mixed-method and cross-country studies may also strengthen empirical understanding of how political systems, fiscal conditions, and governance capacity influence digital governance outcomes across Southeast Asia. Public administration scholars and policymakers may also expand evaluation frameworks beyond efficiency indicators to include equity, accessibility, transparency, public trust, and citizen experience. Broader governance evaluation criteria may provide stronger evidence for inclusive and accountable digital governance reform across the region. REFERENCES Abdou A. M. (2021). Good governance and COVID-19: The digital bureaucracy to response the pandemic (Singapore as a model). Journal of public affairs, 21(4), e2656. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2656 Ad’ha Aljunied, S. M. (2020). The securitization of cyberspace governance in Singapore. Asian Security, 16(3), 343- 362. https://doi.org/10.1080/14799855.2019.1687444 Ahad, M. P. Y., & Barsei, A. N. (2023). Collaborative governance sistem pemerintahan berbasis elektronik: Best practice dari pemerintah daerah di Indonesia: Collaborative governance in the implementation of electronic-based governance systems: Best practices from local governments in Eastern Indonesia. Jurnal Transformasi Administrasi, 13(01), 52–74. https://doi.org/10.56196/jta.v13i01.236 Aldhi, I. F., Suhariadi, F., Rahmawati, E., Supriharyanti, E., Hardaningtyas, D., Sugiarti, R., & Abbas, A. (2025). Bridging digital gaps in smart city governance: the mediating role of managerial digital readiness and the moderating role of digital leadership. Smart Cities, 8(4), 117. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities8040117 Allen, J. G., & Liao, Q. X. M. (2025). Digital economy innovation in the Indo-Pacific: Towards a ‘Singapore effect’?. The Journal of World Investment & Trade, 1(aop), 680–711. https://doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340377 27 International Journal of Social Science Research and Policy Studies (INSORPS) Alamsyah, A., & Aryfiyanto, H. (2025). Leveraging Generative AI for Public Service Innovation: A Path to Smart 1-36. Indonesia. Digital Government: Research and Practice, 6(4),

  generalrecommendations
  Keywords: digital governance public across https agencies southeast asia strengthen systems reduce administrative improve institutions programs
• Integrating Village Digitalization and Health Interventions: Inclusive Transformation in Paddinging Village, South Sulawesi (2026) · Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nusantara (JPMN) · doi

  Limitations Several limitations of this study should be acknowledged. Third, the digital tools used in the programs depend on external platforms whose data security and sovereignty implications have not been fully examined, raising concerns for long-term development (as noted in the discussion of QRASPIRASI). Finally, further investigation into context-specific strategies for improving digital literacy among 144 Volume 6 (1), Februari -Juli 2026, 134-147, DOI: https://doi. These findings offer a practical and academically grounded reference for future community service initiatives, regulatory frameworks, and further research on rural digitalization and community health in Indonesia.

  generalinline gaps
  Keywords: limitations digital further community several acknowledged third tools used programs depend external platforms whose security
• The Intersection of Digital Inclusivity and Media Sustainability, Challenges and Opportunities in Marginalized Communities (2026) · NIU Journal of Social Sciences · doi

  Li, H., & Xu, J. (2024). Impact of digital government on digital transformation of enterprises from the economic of sustainable development. Sustainability, 2667. 16(5), https://doi.org/10.3390/su16052667 Lubis, S., Purnomo, E. P., Lado, J. A., & Hung, C.-F. (2024). Electronic governance in advancing through sustainable development goals systematic literature review. Discover Global Society, 77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44282-024-00077-7 Mesa, D. (2023). Digital divide, e-government and trust in public service: The key role of education. Frontiers in Sociology, 8, 1140416. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2023.1140416 2(1), Ilieva, G., Yankova, T., Ruseva, M., Dzhabarova, Y., Zhekova, V., Klisarova-Belcheva, S., Mollova, T., & Dimitrov, A. (2024). Factors influencing user perception and adoption of

  generalfuture work
  Keywords: digital https government sustainable development impact transformation enterprises economic sustainability lubis purnomo lado hung electronic
• Digitalization of Land Certificates and Its Implications for the Accountability of Notaries and Land Deed Officials in Achieving Good Land Governance (2026) · Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences · doi

  Future research should validate the proposed Legal Accountability Framework through empirical studies involving PPAT, ATR/BPN officials, electronic system administrators, and land service users. Comparative studies examining electronic land administration in other jurisdictions may also enrich the understanding of institutional accountability within digital land governance. In addition, further research may explore the implementation of digital auditing, cybersecurity governance, and electronic evidence management to strengthen accountability and legal certainty within Indonesia's evolving electronic land administration system.

  generalrecommendations
  Keywords: electronic land accountability legal system administration within digital governance future validate proposed framework empirical involving
• Evaluating Theories of Governance in Explaining Accountability Failures in Developing Countries: An Adaptive Integrated Governance Accountability Framework (2026) · International Journal of Geopolitics and Governance · doi

  Empirical validation of AIGAF across diverse political and administrative settings remains a priority. Comparative case studies, mixed- methods designs, and longitudinal assessments would help determine how the six dimensions of different interact the institutional conditions. Further research is also needed on the implications of digital government and emerging technologies for accountability relationships within the AIGAF model. framework under In all, accountability is best understood as an adaptive governance process that emerges from the continuous interaction of institutions, politics, administration, ethics, and society. AIGAF offers a theoretically integrated and practically relevant response to this complexity and provides a foundation for more effective governance reforms in developing countries. REFERENCES Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2012). Why fail: The origins of power,

  generalfuture work
  Keywords: aigaf accountability governance empirical validation across diverse political administrative settings remains priority comparative case mixed
• SEMAR: Mesin Pintar Pelayanan Publik Jawa Tengah Berbasis Energi Ramah Lingkungan (2026) · Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, Administrasi Publik dan Kebijakan Negara · doi

  The implementation of the Electronic-Based Government System has accelerated the digitalization of the bureaucracy, but challenges such as digital literacy gaps and limited infrastructure remain. There is a need for alternative models of public services that combine the principles of smart governance, ease of access, and sustainability in the digital governance ecosystem.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: implementation electronic-based government system has accelerated digitalization bureaucracy
• Implementing rule of law through open government: understanding concept with a scientometric analysis (2026) · Frontiers in Political Science · doi

  Expand the scope of analysis to include comparative studies across Southeast Asia, examining how different legal cultures and governance structures mediate the impact of open government reforms. Longitudinal studies could track the evolution of transparency and accountability mechanisms over time, offering more profound insights into institutional change. Integrating machine learning techniques with bibliometric tools, such as VOSViewer, could enhance the precision of thematic clustering and trend forecasting. Explore the role of emerging technologies-such as blockchain, civic tech platforms, and AI-driven policy analytics-in strengthening the rule of law through digital governance. Participatory action research involving stakeholders from government, civil society, and academia could help co-create solutions tailored to local needs and capacities.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: expand scope analysis include comparative studies across southeast

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