The lack of a unified investigation of radiative

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the stated research gap and conclusions and future-work section of the source papers, classified as general, spanning 3 journals.

Supporting evidence — 4 representative gaps

• Numerical investigation of MHD flow and heat transfer of hybrid nanofluid over a Darcy–Forchheimer shrinking sheet using the Reiner–Philippoff model with significant viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects (2026) · Discover Nano · doi

  The study identifies a gap in the understanding of the effects of magnetohydrodynamics and Joule heating on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of hybrid nanofluids. The study aims to provide insights into the optimization of heat transfer in non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid systems.

  generalstated research gap
  Keywords: study identifies gap understanding effects magnetohydrodynamics joule heating
• Radiative and Viscous Dissipative Flow of a Chemically Reacting MHD Casson Nanofluid over an Inclined Slippery Stretching Surface with Non-Darcian Medium (2026) · ICCK Journal of Applied Mathematics · doi

  The lack of a unified investigation of radiative and viscous dissipative magnetohydrodynamic flow of a chemically reacting Casson nanofluid. The need for a realistic model for high-temperature industrial, biomedical, and energy applications.

  generalstated research gap
  Keywords: lack unified investigation radiative viscous dissipative magnetohydrodynamic flow
• Comparative boundary-layer analysis of Buongiorno nanofluid flow over flat surfaces: Blasius, Sakiadis, stagnation-point, and stretching-sheet configurations (2026) · Discover Nano · doi

  3 Future research directions Future research could explore turbulent and unsteady nanofluid flows, variable thermo- physical properties, hybrid nanofluids, magnetic or electric field effects, and experimen- tal validation under realistic industrial conditions. 1 Research limitations The research is limited by assumptions of steady, laminar, and idealized nanofluid behav- ior, neglecting turbulence, variable properties, and real-world complexities such as par- ticle agglomeration and surface roughness.

  generalconclusionsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: future nanofluid variable properties directions explore turbulent unsteady flows thermo physical hybrid nanofluids magnetic electric
• Spreading characteristics of charged Al2O3–H2O/ethylene glycol nanofluid droplets impacting on solid surfaces (2026) · Chemical Papers · doi

  Further studies can investigate the behavior of charged nanofluid droplets with different nanoparticle concentrations and base fluid compositions. The effects of other parameters such as surface roughness and temperature on the spreading and recoiling behaviors can be examined.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: further studies investigate behavior charged nanofluid droplets different

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