The lack of systematic application of immunotherapy

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the stated challenges and stated research gap and abstract of the source papers, classified as general, spanning 4 journals.

Supporting evidence — 4 representative gaps

• FOXP1 transcriptionally activates NUSAP1 to induce M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages via glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma (2026) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi

  High HCC mortality is closely linked to high metastasis rates and therapy resistance, largely due to the immunosuppressive state of the tumor microenvironment. The complex interactions between tumor cells, immune cells, and the microenvironment pose a significant challenge to understanding HCC progression. The development of effective therapeutic strategies for HCC is hindered by the limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease.

  generalstated challenges
  Keywords: high hcc mortality closely linked metastasis rates therapy
• DSG2 Expression Marks a Stromal-Immune Organizational State in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2026) · Cancers · doi

  Immune exclusion is a major resistance mechanism to immunotherapy in HNSCC. The complex interactions between malignant epithelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) pose a challenge to understanding the molecular programs driving immune exclusion. The limited durable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in HNSCC patients pose a challenge to the development of effective therapies.

  generalstated challenges
  Keywords: immune exclusion major resistance mechanism immunotherapy hnscc complex
• Immunotherapy Landscape of Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Targeting the Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Future Perspectives (2026) · Biomedicines · doi

  The lack of systematic application of immunotherapy strategies for advanced RCC due to diverse mechanisms and clinical indications. The limited understanding of the cancer-immunity cycle and its relevance to RCC treatment. The need for emerging research directions, such as individualized immunotherapy and multi-target blockade.

  generalstated research gap
  Keywords: lack systematic application immunotherapy strategies advanced rcc due
• IFI44L modulates chemoradiotherapy sensitivity and CD8+ T cell infiltration in colorectal cancer (2026) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi

  Increasing evidence suggests that the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) especially intratumoral CD8 + T cells plays an important role in determining CRT efficacy; however, the molecular mechanisms linking tumor-derived factors to immune-mediated treatment sensitivity remain poorly understood.

  generalabstractevidence 5/5
  Keywords: tumor immune increasing evidence suggests microenvironment especially intratumoral cells plays important role determining efficacy molecular

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