The limited availability of Chinese data sources, particularly regarding hearing aid coverage rates, may introduce uncertainty in the estimates

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the limitations section and future work of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2024 and 2026, spanning 3 journals. Those papers have been cited 3 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• Burden and causes of hearing loss among different genders and ages in China: a secondary analysis of the 2019 global burden of disease study (2026) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi

  the limited availability of Chinese data sources, particularly regarding hearing aid coverage rates, may introduce uncertainty in the estimates - the absence of nationwide studies could affect the representativeness of hearing loss epidemiology in China's general population - China's complex geographic and socioeconomic disparities may introduce biases - variations in hearing loss definitions across source studies and lack of standardized reporting may affect modeling accuracy - the exclusive focus on 2019 national-level data may oversimplify local disease burdens and preclude trend analysis

  generallimitations section
  Keywords: limited availability chinese data sources particularly regarding hearing
• Screening for Hearing Loss Among Elderly Population: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Community Medicine Perspective (2026) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi

  Akshita Bhargava1, Avina Kharat2, Sudha Patel3, Yogesh Patel4, Sunita Vishwakarma5 1MS (ENT), Senior Resident, Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Virendra kumar saklecha medical college, Neemuch, MP. 2MD (Pharmacology) Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pharmacology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital Indore, MP. 3MD (Pharmacology) Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pharmacology, Peoples Medical college and research centre, Bhopal, MP. 4MD (Radiodiagnosis), PG Resident, Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, MP. 5MD (community medicine), Senior Resident, Dept. of community medicine, Sunderlal Patwa Govt. Medical College, Mandsaur, MP. ABSTRACT Background: Hearing loss is a common but often neglected health problem among the elderly, significantly affecting communication, quality of life, and social interaction. Early detection through community-based screening can help reduce disability and improve outcomes.Objectives: To assess the prevalence of hearing loss among the elderly population and evaluate associated risk factors from a community medicine perspective.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals aged ≥60 years in a defined community area. Hearing screening was performed using the whispered voice test and pure tone audiometry (where feasible). Data on sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, and risk exposures were collected using a structured questionnaire.Results: Out of 300 participants, 162 (54%) were found to have some degree of hearing impairment. Age, male gender, history of chronic diseases, and exposure to noise were significantly associated with hearing loss (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Hearing loss is highly prevalent among the elderly and often underdiagnosed. Community-based screening programs are essential for early identification and intervention. Keywords: Hearing loss, elderly, screening, community medicine, presbycusis. INTRODUCTION Hearing loss is one of the most common chronic health conditions affecting the elderly population worldwide and represents a significant public health loss, also known concern. Age-related hearing as presbycusis, bilateral sensorineural impairment that primarily affects high- frequency speech discrimination. According the World Health Organization, over 430 million people globally experience disabling hearing loss, and this number is progressive, perception sound and to is a expected to rise due to population ageing and increased exposure to risk factors such as noise pollution and ototoxic medications (1). to lack of awareness, In India, the burden of hearing impairment among older adults is substantial but often under-recognized due to audiological services, and sociocultural barriers. Hearing impairment in the elderly is not merely a sensory deficit; it is strongly associated with adverse outcomes such as social isolation, depression, reduced functional independence, and cognitive decline (2,3). limited access Relevant conflicts of interest/financial disclosures: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 33 | P a g e

  generalfuture workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: hearing loss community elderly dept medical college among pharmacology medicine health screening impairment resident often
• The role of serum α-Klotho levels in preventing hearing impairment among middle-aged and older adults: insights from a nationally representative sample (2024) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · cited 3× · doi

  doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101766 in diagnostics and therapeutics. Ageing Res. Rev. Agrawal, Y., Platz, E. A., and Niparko, J. K. (2008). Prevalence of hearing loss and differences by demographic characteristics among US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004. Arch. Intern. Med. 168, 1522–1530. doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.14.1522 Baiduc, R. R., Sun, J. W., Berry, C. M., Anderson, M., and Vance, E. A. (2023). Relationship of cardiovascular disease risk and hearing loss in a clinical population. Sci. Rep. 13:1642. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28599-9 Bainbridge, K. E., Hoffman, H. J., and Cowie, C. C. (2008). Diabetes and hearing impairment in the United States: audiometric evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2004. Ann. Intern. Med. 149, 1–10. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-149-1-200807010-00231 Besser, J., Stropahl, M., Urry, E., and Launer, S. (2018). Comorbidities of hearing loss and the implications of multimorbidity for audiological care. Hear. Res. 369, 3–14. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.06.008 Bian, A., Neyra, J. A., Zhan, M., and Hu, M. C. (2015). Klotho, stem cells, and aging. Clin. Interv. Aging 10, 1233–1243. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S84978 Klotho: 82:101766. decline: results from the aging and cognitive health evaluation in elders pilot study. Alzheimers. Dement. 3, 410–415. doi: 10.1016/j.trci.2017.06.003 Deng, Y., Chen, S., and Hu, J. (2023). Diabetes mellitus and hearing loss. Mol. Med. 29:141. doi: 10.1186/s10020-023-00737-z Guan, G., Cai, J., Zheng, S., Xiang, Y., Xia, S., Zhang, Y., et al. (2023). Association between serum manganese and serum klotho in a 40-80-year-old American population from NHANES 2011-2016. Front. Aging 4:1120823. doi: 10.3389/fragi.2023. 1120823 Guan, Z., Ma, L., and Wu, C. (2023). Association between serum Klotho and physical frailty in middle-aged and older adults: finding from the national health and nutrition examination survey. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 24, 1173–1178.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.02.103 Huang, C. L. (2010). Regulation of ion channels by secreted Klotho: mechanisms and implications. Kidney Int. 77, 855–860. doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.73 Jiang, M., Tang, X., Wang, P., Yang, L., and Du, R. (2023). Association between daily alcohol consumption and serum alpha klotho levels among U.S. adults over 40 years old: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 23:1901. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16830-1 Jung, S. Y., Kim, S. H., and Yeo, S. G. (2019). Association of nutritional factors with Buchanan, S., Combet, E., Stenvinkel, P., and Shiels, P. G. (2020). Klotho, Aging, hearing loss. Nutrients 11:307. doi: 10.3390/nu11020307 and the Failing Kidney. Front. Endocrinol. 11:560. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00560 Carpinelli, M. R., Wise, A. K., and Burt, R. A. (2011). Vitamin D- deficient diet rescues hearing loss in Klotho mice. Hear. Res. 275, 105–109. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2010.12.009 Cha, S. K., Hu, M. C., Kurosu, H., Kuro-o, M., Moe, O., and Huang, C. L. (2009). Regulation of renal outer medullary potassium channel and renal K(+) excretion by Klotho. Mol. Pharmacol. 76, 38–46. doi: 10.1124/mol.109.055780 Chen, G. Q., Duan, Y., Wang, J. F., Lian, Y., and Yin, X. L. (2022). Serum α-Klotho associated with oral health among a nationally representative sample of US adults. Front. Endocrinol. 13:970575. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.970575 Chen, X., Fu, Y. Y., and Zhang, T. Y. (2019). Role of viral infection in sudden hearing loss. J. Int. Med. Res. 47, 2865–2872. doi: 10.1177/0300060519847860 Kamemori, M., Ohyama, Y., Kurabayashi, M., Takahashi, K., Nagai, R., and Furuya, N. (2002). Expression of Klotho protein in the inner ear. Hear. Res. 171, 103–110. doi: 10.1016/S0378-5955(02)00483-5 Kim, D., Lee, S., Choi, J. Y., Lee, J., Lee, H. J., Min, J. Y., et al. (2022). Association of α-klotho and lead and cadmium: a cross-sectional study. Sci. Total Environ. 843:156938. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156938 Köppl, C., Wilms, V., Russell, I. J., and Nothwang, H. G. (2018). Evolution of endolymph secretion and endolymphatic potential generation in the vertebrate inner ear. Brain Behav. Evol. 92, 1–31. doi: 10.1159/000494050 Kuro-o, M., Matsumura, Y., Aizawa, H., Kawaguchi, H., Suga, T., Utsugi, T., et al. (1997). Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing. Nature 390, 45–51. doi: 10.1038/36285 Deal, J. A., Albert, M. S., Arnold, M., Bangdiwala, S. I., Chisolm, T., Davis, S., et al. (2017). A randomized feasibility pilot trial of hearing treatment for reducing cognitive Li, W., Chen, D., Ruan, W., Peng, Y., Lu, Z., and Wang, D. (2022). Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure, systemic inflammation

  generalfuture workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: klotho hearing loss health association aging serum adults chen among national nutrition examination survey hear

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