The need for a green and environmentally friendly method

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the stated challenges and stated research gap and future-work section of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2024 and 2026, spanning 4 journals. Those papers have been cited 21 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 5 representative gaps

• Optimisation, Synthesis, and Characterisation of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leonotis ocymifolia (L. ocymifolia) Leaf Extracts for Antibacterial and Photodegradation Applications (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · cited 21× · doi

  The study identifies challenges in the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using plant extracts, including the need for optimization of reaction parameters. The use of different zinc salt precursors affects the properties of the synthesized ZnO NPs.

  generalstated challenges
  Keywords: study identifies challenges synthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles using
• In situ Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Cotton Fabric for Eco-Friendly Textile Applications (2026) · Asian Journal of Chemistry · doi

  The incorporation of nanotechnology into textiles has provided beneficial antimicrobial, UV protective, self-cleaning, and durable multifunctional fabrics, but a simple and scalable method for the in situ synthesis of ZnO NPs on cotton twill fabric is needed. Prior work has demonstrated the potential of ZnO NPs for textile applications, but the proposed method provides a novel approach.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: incorporation nanotechnology textiles has provided beneficial antimicrobial protective
• Biogenic synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by Coleus amboinicus extract: its spectral analysis and biological activities (2026) · Zastita materijala · doi

  The need for a green and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The lack of studies on the spectral analysis and biological activities of ZnO NPs synthesized using plant extracts.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: need green environmentally friendly method synthesis zinc oxide
• Biogenic synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by Coleus amboinicus extract: its spectral analysis and biological activities (2026) · Zastita materijala · doi

  Investigation of the potential applications of ZnO NPs in biomedical and cosmetic fields. Evaluation of the toxicity and biocompatibility of ZnO NPs synthesized using CALE. Development of new methods for the synthesis of ZnO NPs using plant extracts.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: investigation potential applications zno nps biomedical cosmetic fields
• Calcination temperature-dependent structural and photocatalytic properties of green-synthesized ZnO nanostructures using Mitragyna speciosa leaf extract (2026) · Creative Science · doi

  Future studies can investigate the effect of other synthesis parameters on the properties of green-synthesized ZnO nanostructures. The study can be extended to other types of nanostructures and their applications. The use of green synthesis routes and natural reducing agents can be explored further for the synthesis of sustainable nanostructures.

  generalfuture-work sectionevidence 5/5
  Keywords: future studies investigate effect other synthesis parameters properties

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