The paper identifies a gap in current research

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the future-work section and stated research gap and future work of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 1978 and 1981, spanning 2 journals.

Supporting evidence — 4 representative gaps

• Effects of crowding on the elderly: A preliminary investigation (1978) · Population and Environment · doi

  Future research should investigate the long-term effects of crowding on the elderly. Future research should consider the impact of crowding on elderly individuals with different backgrounds and characteristics. Future research should examine the effects of crowding on the elderly in different settings, such as residential care facilities.

  generalfuture-work section
  Keywords: future research investigate long-term effects crowding elderly consider
• Crowding Stress and Human Behavior (1981) · Journal of Social Issues · doi

  The paper identifies a gap in current research on crowding, including the need to consider crowding as a group phenomenon. It highlights the importance of studying the effects of crowding in classroom settings. The paper discusses the need for intensive case studies to focus on the processes used to cope with crowding.

  generalstated research gap
  Keywords: paper identifies gap current research crowding including need
• When density matters: Environmental control as a determinant of crowding effects in laboratory and residential settings (1978) · Population and Environment · doi

  Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of density on human behavior and health. Studies should consider the role of environmental control in crowding situations. Research should aim to develop interventions that provide people with the opportunity to terminate, periodically escape, or modify unwanted stimulation.

  generalfuture-work section
  Keywords: further research needed fully understand effects density human
• Crowding Stress and Human Behavior (1981) · Journal of Social Issues · doi

  Research on crowding has done little to examine the processes that persons use to cope with the problems created by crowding. It would be extremely enlightening, for example, to conduct case studies of families living under conditions of high density who, nevertheless, manage to adapt successfully. This presupposes that 140 YAKOV M. EPSTEIN we have adequate measures of good vs. poor adaptation. Assuming that we can identify persons who adapt successfully, can we discover what it is that they do? Studying the process of adaptation requires a longitudinal approach. We also need to learn how experience with crowded conditions over a long period of time influences the appraisal of the problem, and how it changes behavior. Several studies have begun to use this approach (cf. Baron et al., 1976; Karlin et al., 1978; Karlin et al., 1979; Baum & Gatchel, Note 3). More such longitudinal research is needed. In accordance with the theme presented in this paper, another fruitful direction for crowding research would be to explore how group phenomena affect the crowding experience (Stokols, 1972). How do variables such as status within a group, the organization of the group, the group’s norms of cooperativeness or competi- tiveness, or social roles, influence reactions to crowding? A beginning has been made by Baum, Harpin and Valins (1975). More is needed. There is a paucity of research on crowding in work settings and classrooms. With respect to the latter, there have been numerous studies relating class size to pupil achievement and these have reported contradictory findings. In a thorough review of that literature, Blake (Note 8) summarized the results of several hundred studies by noting a slight majority showing better achievement in smaller classes. But none of these studies examined the processes that occur in crowded, as opposed to uncrowded, classrooms. It would be useful to know, for example, how teachers allocate their attention, what differences there are in planned activities, and whether there is a greater disparity in the attention teachers pay to poor vs. good students, as crowding increases. Relatively little crowding research has focused on individual and cross cultural differences. For example, there is some research (see Evans, 1978, for a summary) indicating that young children are more adversely affected by crowding than older persons. But this doesn’t hold across cultures. While crowding may have negative effects on youngsters in Western cultures, children in the Kung society don’t suffer ill effects (Draper, 1974). While studies of crowded residential living in Chicago show that the higher the density the greater the pathology (cf. Galle, Gove & MacPherson, 1972), a study in the Netherlands (Levy & Herzog, 1974) shows the reve

  generalfuture workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: crowding there group persons example crowded little processes living conditions density adapt successfully good poor

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