The pristine g-C3N4 has limitations due to slow transfer

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the limitations section and stated research gap and abstract and stated challenges and inline gaps of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2016 and 2026, spanning 8 journals. Those papers have been cited 136 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 8 representative gaps

• Photocatalytic, electrochemical and photoelectrocatalytic degradation of the reactive dye Turquoise Tiafix R2G using LaFeO3 perovskite (2026) · Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering · doi

  The photocatalytic process remained limited by electron-hole recombination. The material has a low specific surface area, which may limit its catalytic activity. Progressive catalyst deactivation was observed under repeated operation.

  generallimitations section
  Keywords: photocatalytic process remained limited electron-hole recombination material has
• A review: recent progress of piezoelectric effect coupled photocatalytic reaction: diverse mechanisms, system/structure design, characterization and application (2026) · Catal · doi

  The commercial application of traditional photocatalytic materials remains limited by core challenges such as the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, low quantum efficiency, and insufficient utilization of solar energy. The system faces challenges such as difficult CO2 activation, insufficient local CO2 concentration, and weak intermediate stability in the CO2 reduction reaction.

  generalstated research gap
  Keywords: commercial application traditional photocatalytic materials remains limited core
• Synergy of Photogenerated Electrons and Holes toward Efficient Photocatalytic Urea Synthesis from CO2 and N2 (2024) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · cited 101× · doi

  Abstract Directly coupling N 2 and CO 2 to synthesize urea by photocatalysis paves a sustainable route for urea synthesis, but its performance is limited by the competition of photogenerated electrons between N 2 and CO 2 , as well as the underutilized photogenerated holes.

  generalabstractevidence 5/5
  Keywords: urea photogenerated abstract directly coupling synthesize photocatalysis paves sustainable route synthesis performance limited competition electrons
• Assessment of Solar‐to‐Fuels Strategies: Photocatalysis and Electrocatalytic Reduction (2016) · Energy Technology · cited 35× · doi

  For the photocatalytic process, the most important challenge is to improve the solar‐to‐fuels efficiency to at least 15 %, whereas for the electrocatalytic reduction process, even with much improved current density, cell potential, and reaction selectivity, the process will be ultimately limited by the price of solar (or other renewable) electricity.

  generalabstractevidence 5/5
  Keywords: process solar photocatalytic important challenge improve fuels efficiency least electrocatalytic reduction even improved current density
• A A Short Review of Recent Advances in ArtificialP hotosynthesis Chemistry (2026) · مجلة جامعة صنعاء للعلوم التطبيقية والتكنولوجيا · doi

  The development of durable, earth-abundant catalysts is crucial for the future of artificial photosynthesis. Challenges related to long-term catalyst stability, efficiency losses, and large-scale implementation remain.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: development durable earth-abundant catalysts crucial future artificial photosynthesis
• Visible-Light Photocatalysis over an Ethidium Bromide-Aloe-Derived Graphene Hybrid for Benzyl Amine Oxidation and Rhodium-Catalyzed NADH Regeneration (2026) · Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials · doi

  The development of efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts remains a significant challenge. Conventional photocatalysts often suffer from restricted visible-light absorption and rapid charge recombination.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: development efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts remains significant challenge conventional
• Sustainable Fabrication of Ag2O-Doped Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles via Green Synthesis for Enhanced Photocatalysis (2026) · Journal of Applied Materials and Technology · doi

  The development of environmentally friendly synthesis routes for photocatalytic materials is a growing area of research. The scalability and cost-effectiveness of the synthesis route are crucial factors for industrial applications. The stability and durability of the developed nanoparticles under various environmental conditions need to be evaluated.

  generalstated challengesevidence 5/5
  Keywords: development environmentally friendly synthesis routes photocatalytic materials growing
• Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange Using Aloe Vera-Modified TiO? Under UV and Solar Irradiation (2026) · International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) · doi

  Future research should focus on optimization of operational parameters, catalyst to characterization, industrial applications to fully realize the potential of this green photocatalytic system.

  generalinline gapsevidence 4/5
  Keywords: future focus optimization operational parameters catalyst characterization industrial applications fully realize potential green photocatalytic system

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