The security of classical cryptosystems is becoming more intimidating with the development of quantum computers

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the future work and stated research gap of the source papers, classified as general, spanning 3 journals. Those papers have been cited 5 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 4 representative gaps

• A Hybrid Quantum–Classical Signature Scheme Based on Lattice Cryptography with Entanglement and Decoy-Qubit Authentication for Eavesdropping Detection (2026) · International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology · doi

  The paper introduced the concept of a hybrid quantum-classical authentication scheme that combines lattice-based post-quantum digital signatures with quantum authentication and de- coy qubit verification that are assisted by entanglement. The need to develop such an au- thentication scheme stemmed from the need to ensure long-term cryptographic trust in the presence of quantum computational attacks, while at the same time ensuring the capability to identify interception during the transmission of information. The use of the lattice-based digital signatures ensured the capability of the scheme to exhibit excellent existential unforgeability under standard lattice assumptions, while at the same time ensuring the scheme’s compatibility with traditional public-key infrastructures. The use of the quantum authentication scheme ensured the security of the communication by leveraging the disturbance of quantum measurement, thereby ensuring the capability to identify interception with high probability. The security evaluation of the scheme indicated that the probability of failing to identify interception decreases exponentially with the number of decoy qubits used, while the performance evaluation of the scheme indicated that the additional quantum communication overhead is controllable. IJDDT, Volume 16 Issue 38s, 2026 Page 33 A Hybrid Quantum–Classical Signature Scheme Based on Lattice Cryptography with Entanglement and Decoy-Qubit Authentication for Eavesdropping Detection The future research directions include the extension of the proposed scheme to more re- alistic quantum channels by considering the effects of depolarizing noise, photon loss, and measurement imperfections. Another important research direction is the optimization of the strategies of entanglement distribution and the minimization of the quantum communication overhead while ensuring the capability to identify interception with high probability. The extension of the proposed scheme to other emerging applications such as quantum internet routing, blockchain validation, and IoT communication is another important research direc- tion that has the potential to be realized in the future. The implementation of the proposed scheme on experimental quantum communication testbeds and the evaluation of the scheme’s performance relative to other quantum digital signature schemes are other important research directions that need to be considered in the future. P. W. Shor, “Algorithms for quantum computation: Discrete logarithms and factoring,” in Proceedings of the 35th

  generalfuture work
  Keywords: quantum scheme communication authentication lattice ensuring capability identify interception based digital entanglement need probability evaluation
• Hybrid quantum cryptosystems: integration of entanglement-assisted decryption and physical phase obfuscation (2026) · Quantum Information Processing · doi

  Conventional quantum protocols often rely on explicit transmission of decryption keys or phase parameters, exposing critical vulnerabilities to eavesdropping. The need for a secure method for quantum communication that integrates entanglement-assisted decryption with phase-based physical obfuscation.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: conventional quantum protocols often rely explicit transmission decryption
• Sharing a classical string utilizing quantum techniques (2026) · Quantum Information Processing · doi

  The security of classical cryptosystems is becoming more intimidating with the development of quantum computers. There is a need for quantum cryptography protocols that can achieve optimal fidelity and minimize an eavesdropper's potential information.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: security classical cryptosystems becoming intimidating development quantum computers
• Cybersecurity in the quantum era: Assessing the impact of quantum computing on infrastructure (2026) · Computers & Security · cited 5× · doi

  The paper identifies a gap in the existing cryptographic methods, which are vulnerable to quantum computing attacks. It recognizes the need for a systematic shift to post-quantum cryptography, highlighting the importance of robust testing and well-planned integration timelines.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: paper identifies gap existing cryptographic methods vulnerable quantum

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