The stability of perovskite solar cells is a major

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the stated challenges and future work and stated research gap of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2023 and 2026, spanning 4 journals. Those papers have been cited 698 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 5 representative gaps

• The impact of moisture on the stability and degradation of perovskites in solar cells (2024) · Materials Advances · cited 201× · doi

  The stability of perovskite solar cells is a major challenge that needs to be addressed. The effects of moisture on perovskite materials are a challenge that needs to be understood and addressed. The scalability and cost-effectiveness of perovskite solar cells are also challenges that need to be addressed.

  generalstated challenges
  Keywords: stability perovskite solar cells major challenge needs addressed
• Band gap tuning of perovskite solar cells for enhancing the efficiency and stability: issues and prospects (2024) · RSC Advances · cited 296× · doi

  Md. Helal Miah, Mohammad Nur-E-Alamde and Mohammad Aminul Islamf ab Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, *ac Md. Bulu Rahman,b The intriguing optoelectronic properties, diverse applications, and facile fabrication techniques of perovskite materials have garnered substantial research interest worldwide. Their outstanding performance in solar cell applications and excellent efficiency at the lab scale have already been proven. However, owing to their low stability, the widespread manufacturing of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for commercialization is still far off. Several instability factors of PSCs, including the intrinsic and extrinsic instability of perovskite materials, have already been identified, and a variety of approaches have been adopted to improve the material quality, stability, and efficiency of PSCs. In this review, we have comprehensively presented the significance of band gap tuning in achieving both high-performance and high-stability PSCs in the presence of various degradation factors. By investigating the mechanisms of band gap engineering, we have highlighted its pivotal role in optimizing PSCs for improved efficiency and resilience.

  generalfuture workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: pscs perovskite ciency stability mohammad applications materials performance solar already instability factors band high helal
• The impact of moisture on the stability and degradation of perovskites in solar cells (2024) · Materials Advances · cited 201× · doi

  The hybrid perovskites have evolved as low cost, solution processable material for third generation solar cells owing to their large absorption coefficient, high charge carrier mobility, longer diffusion lengths and high-power conversion efficiency. The fabrication of PSCs through facile and cost-effective screen printing, spin coating, and roll-to-roll printing methods makes these materials an easy technology for commercialization. However, the instability of the perovskite material under ambi- ent conditions presently limits the prospects for commerciali- zation of this technology. In this review, we discussed the major advancements to improve the stability of the perovskites under ambient air through, mixed cation-mixed anion substitution, doping of interface organic/inorganic materials perovskite, into engineering, and using moisture resistant 2D perovskite/ organic cations. However, modification of perovskites using the strategies above complicates the understanding of degrada- tion and charge transport processes and there is an urgent need to obtain a simple and sustainable solution to overcome these complications. To achieve stable working PSC the HTM, ETM, and electrodes need further stabilization. This opens a wide scope for exploration of dopant-free HTM and inorganic HTM to increase device stability. The PSC lifetime is limited by two major factors, the first is intrinsic instability of the halide perovskite absorber and second is poor resistance to environmental factors such as heat and moisture. An in-depth knowledge of intrinsic and extrinsic degradation mechanism in materials and devices is prerequi- site to achieve stable and robust solar cell devices. The moisture induced degradation of MAPbI3 is very well understood, but in most of the high performing PSCs mixed cation (Cs/MA/FA) and mixed anion (I/Br) composition of perovskites are used and moisture induced degradation of mixed cation-mixed halide perovskites is not investigated in detail and therefore, it is equally important to understand the moisture induced degra- dation of these high performing perovskites. The lifetime of PSCs has been significantly prolonged from few hours to ten thousand of hours by employing interface engineering and mixed cation–anion substitution but still the stability is far away from commercialization requirements. Furthermore, the future work should be focused on prolonging the stability of PSC up to 5 to 10 years or even longer. The inclusion of 2D perovskite in PSCs along with 3D perovskite has provided promising results with significantly enhanced stabi- lity under humid conditions and at elevated temperatures. However, the stability tracking over several months is lacking in the literature, which hinders the actual use of 2D perovskite as long term encapsulation. Moreover, the crystallization mechanism of perovskite after molecular passivation/2D per- ovskite have not been fully understood. External encapsulation techniques can be straightforward processes to prevent the infiltration of moisture and oxygen; however, internal encapsulation is still needed. In this regard It is important to select a moisture resistive HTM, or organic/ inorganic compounds as passivators in perovskite layers. Moreover, we anticipate that the combination of 3D/2D heterostructure and appro- priate internal encapsulation techniques can proficiently alleviate perovskite instability in the presence of humidity. Appropriate encap- sulation strategies need to be developed in order to achieve high performance and stable PSC within a universally acceptable strategy.

  generalfuture workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: perovskite mixed moisture perovskites high stability pscs cation encapsulation materials instability anion organic inorganic need
• Next-generation applications for integrated perovskite solar cells (2023) · Communications Materials · doi

  Metal halide perovskites are exciting PV materials with fasci- nating properties including high absorption coefficients, bandgap tunability, excellent charge-carrier mobilities and solution pro- cessability. PV devices fabricated using these materials have demonstrated the steepest growth in terms of PCE of any PV technology in history. Considering the rapid progress in PV performance, PSCs have been considered to be ideal candidates for integrating with other systems to realize new innovative technologies. The next-generation applications of perovskite- based solar cells include tandem PV cells, space applications, PV- integrated energy storage systems, PV cell-driven catalysis and BIPVs. Herein, we have discussed the major advances towards integrating PSCs with these innovative technologies, highlighting the key advantages and challenges with some potential ways forward. We now summarize the perspectives and provide potential ways forward for the development of these exciting research areas. (i) The integration of PSCs with other PV cells to form tandem solar cells has provided an opportunity to realize high-efficiency PV systems and leverage existing PV technologies. Although excellent progress has been made, there are several critical issues that need urgent attention. When integrating with wide-bandgap semiconductors based cells, perovskites with low-bandgap should be employed. However, the preparation of low-bandgap per- ovskites is not an easy task and generally requires the partial replacement of Pb2+ with Sn2+. This process not only causes detrimental issues associated with the perovskite films such as large defect density, pinholes and non-uniform surfaces, Sn-based per- ovskites also exhibit lower carrier lifetime, diffusion length and poorer stability. Therefore, alternative strategies to design low- bandgap perovskites should be explored including the replacement of Sn with other stable metals and surface passivation techniques. In contrast, wide-bandgap perovskites are needed when low- bandgap materials such as CdTe are employed as the top subcell. However, wide-bandgap perovskites generally suffer from poor efficiencies, which should also be addressed to obtain high PV efficiencies. One of the major requirements for high-efficiency tandem solar cells is highly conductive transparent electrodes, which play important roles not only in electrically conducting the charge car- riers, but controlling the transmittance of the incident light through the top subcell to the bottom subcell. Carbon materials such as graphene, CNTs and MXene, with their high electrical conductivity and excellent optical transparencies are expected to be ideal electrode COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS | (2023) 4:2 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-022-00325-4 | www.nature.com/commsmat 19 REVIEW ARTICLE COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-022-00325-4 Fig. 12 Perovskite solar cell driven CO2 reduction. a J–V curves of three

  generalfuture workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: bandgap materials cells perovskites high solar excellent pscs integrating systems technologies perovskite based tandem wide
• Simulation and Numerical Analysis Performance for Double Absorber Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cell Using SCAPS-1D Software (2026) · PaperASIA · doi

  The study identifies a research gap in the development of lead-free perovskite solar cells with higher power conversion efficiency. The lack of experimental verification of simulation results is a limitation. The study aims to address this gap by investigating the performance of lead-free double absorber perovskite solar cells.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: study identifies research gap development lead-free perovskite solar

Questions about this gap