The extent to which differences in average earnings between men and women are due to differences in working conditions

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the limitations and conclusions and stated research gap of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 1985 and 2026, spanning 3 journals. Those papers have been cited 97 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• The Gender Pay Gap among Full-Time and Part-Time Workers in Serbia: Experience during the COVID-19 Pandemic (2026) · Business Systems Research Journal · doi

  In addition, the number of explanatory variables differs between the two models estimated for full-time and part-time employment, which could also be seen as a limitation of the current study. The fact that a comparison with other European countries, analysing the gender pay gap based on the Structure of Earnings Survey over a long period of time, is not possible is also a limitation of the present study, as this survey has been conducted only a few times in Serbia. One limitation of this paper is that it uses a pooled sample of respondents. However, all these limitations were highlighted in the paper and can serve as a guideline for further studies on the pay gap.

  generallimitations
  Keywords: time limitation survey addition number explanatory variables differs models estimated full part employment seen current
• Empirical Analysis of the Gender Wage Gap in Platform Work in Japan (2026) · The Review of Socionetwork Strategies · doi

  For policy-making and academic research, current studies in this field are still lacking, and further research is needed to better understand the phenomenon. A limitation of this study is that the findings are only the results of the dataset used in this analysis. As the factor decomposition of the gender wage gap is insufficient, a more detailed factor decomposition will be conducted in the future.

  generalconclusions
  Keywords: factor decomposition policy making academic current field still lacking further needed better understand phenomenon limitation
• Male-Female Wage Differences: The Importance of Compensating Differentials (1985) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · cited 97× · doi

  The study identifies a gap in our understanding of the extent to which differences in average earnings between men and women are due to differences in working conditions. The study notes that previous studies have not fully taken into account the role of compensating differentials in explaining wage differences between men and women.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: study identifies gap understanding extent differences average earnings

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