The study was limited using proxy measures to measure

The gap

Evidence profile

Stated in the limitations and inline gaps and cells limitations sections of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2024 and 2026, spanning 3 journals. Those papers have been cited 320 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 3 representative gaps

• Corporate social responsibility and green supply chain efficiency: conditioning effects based on CEO narcissism (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · cited 320× · doi

  This paper explores the impact of CSR on firms’ green supply chain efficiency in terms of theoretical development and empirical evidence, but there are still some limitations. Due to the fact that Chinese CEOs are more reluctant to disclose information than their Western counterparts, the fact that CEO photos are rarely printed in the annual reports of domestic listed companies, and the lack of detailed disclosure of executive compensation data in domestic databases, this study only selects two indicators to measure CEO narcissism, namely, the degree of prominence of the selected CEOs in corporate publications and the percentage of frequency of the use of the words “I” and “we” in their statements. Although these two indicators, when combined to measure nar- cissism, are able to characterize the four dimensions of narcissism proposed by Emmons (1987), i.e., leadership/authority, super- and utility/ iority/arrogance, power, the small number of indicator items selected may have caused a small bias in our study. self-absorption/self-admiration, Although this paper puts CSR, CEO narcissism and green supply chain efficiency into the same framework for research, more detailed research remains to be further deepened in the future. This paper adopts empirical research, and future research can adopt case study methodology, selecting single or multiple enterprises as research objects, and further deepening the research on CSR and green supply chain efficiency through longitudinal single-case study or in-depth cross-case study, in order to realize exploratory deepening and validation support for HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS | (2024) 11:1 | https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02237-1 9 ARTICLE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS | https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02237-1 the research perspectives and main conclusions presented in this paper.

  generalstated in limitationsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: green supply chain ciency narcissism case empirical fact ceos domestic detailed indicators measure selected small
• CEO Narsisizmi ve Firma Performansı Arasındaki ilişkide Finansal Esnek Kaynakların ve Yönetim Kurulu Bağımsızlığının Rolü Üzerine Bir Literatür İncelemesi (2026) · Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi · doi

  The review identified several important points that warrant further research. Few studies are based on multiple theoretical foundations. The review found that existing studies on the impact of CEO narcissism on firm performance report inconsistent results. Fifthly, studies have mostly focused on the impact of CEO narcissism on financial performance, with insufficient research on how CEO narcissism affects non-financial performance.

  generalstated in inline gapsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: narcissism performance review impact financial identified several important points warrant further based multiple theoretical foundations
• Exploring CEO narcissism and corporate social responsibility's role in financial performance (2026) · Jurnal Akademi Akuntansi · doi

  The study was limited using proxy measures to measure narcissism among CEOs. - The study focused on publicly listed Indonesian companies, which could limit the generalizability of the results. - CEO gender was not considered, as it could interact with narcissistic tendencies and influence disclosure behavior.

  generalstated in cells limitationsevidence 5/5
  Keywords: study was limited using proxy measures measure narcissism

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