Understand the factors that facilitate psychological

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the stated challenges and future work and stated research gap of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 1978 and 2026, spanning 2 journals.

Supporting evidence — 5 representative gaps

• Intercultural interaction and the categorization process: A conceptual analysis and behavioral outcome (1980) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi

  Cross-cultural contact is a situation fraught with difficulties for the individuals involved. The unpredictable and unfamiliar nature of intercultural situations can cause emotional responses, including culture shock. There is a need for a better understanding of the psychological process involved in intercultural interaction.

  generalstated challenges
  Keywords: cross-cultural contact situation fraught difficulties individuals involved unpredictable
• Dimensions of intercultural effectiveness: An exploratory study (1978) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi

  encounters. intercultural third-culture investigation cross-cultural the empirical is a psychological A final approach it is a frame of reference the three attitudinal components (1977) have hypothesized that is composed of three components: that has been used in the study of intercultural effectiveness the sojourner’s personal characteristics and his/her behavior. Gudykunst, Wiseman, and Hammer a general “cross- cultural attitude” conative (be- havioral), affective (evlauative), and cognitive (stereotypic). According to influence to these writers, the sojourner’s satisfaction with living in another culture (one aspect of intercultural effectiveness). Gudykunst et al., suggest that the affective component of the sojourner’s attitude can be concep- tualized as the “degree of third-cultural perspective.” This third-culture perspective the sojourner uses in inter- preting and evaluating perspective culture. Rather, interactions link between logical values, assumptions, another culture. The third-culture consists of: (1) openmindedness (2) the ability to empathize with people from other cultures; (3) accuracy in the sojourner’s own and similarities between perceiving differences (5) astute non- culture and the host culture; (4) being nonjudgemental; (6) the critical observers of their own and other people’s behavior; ability in the host (Gudykunst, Wiseman, and culture; and (7) being and Hammer Hammer, (1977) study indicate is the “core” of attitude, affecting both the behavioral and cognitive the cross-cultural the results suggest that the third-culture perspec- components. Further, tive facilitates the interactions with host culture nationals and increases sojourner’s attitudinal satisfaction with living in a foreign culture. is neither from the sojourner’s own culture nor from the host intercultural in general. This third-culture perspective acts as a psycho- (i.e., etc.) and the perspective of 1977). Results of the Gudykunst, Wiseman, the sojourner’s learned behaviors, toward new ideas and experiences; that the third-culture perspective relationships with people own cultural perspective to establish meaningful it was hypothesized, for understanding less ethnocentric perspective,

  generalfuture workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: culture sojourner perspective third cultural intercultural gudykunst host cross components wiseman hammer attitude people three
• Dimensions of intercultural effectiveness: An exploratory study (1978) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi

  the sojourner uses in inter- preting and evaluating perspective culture. Rather, interactions link between logical values, assumptions, another culture. The third-culture consists of: (1) openmindedness (2) the ability to empathize with people from other cultures; (3) accuracy in the sojourner’s own and similarities between perceiving differences (5) astute non- culture and the host culture; (4) being nonjudgemental; (6) the critical observers of their own and other people’s behavior; ability in the host (Gudykunst, Wiseman, and culture; and (7) being and Hammer Hammer, (1977) study indicate is the “core” of attitude, affecting both the behavioral and cognitive the cross-cultural the results suggest that the third-culture perspec- components. Further, tive facilitates the interactions with host culture nationals and increases sojourner’s attitudinal satisfaction with living in a foreign culture. is neither from the sojourner’s own culture nor from the host intercultural in general. This third-culture perspective acts as a psycho- (i.e., etc.) and the perspective of 1977). Results of the Gudykunst, Wiseman, the sojourner’s learned behaviors, toward new ideas and experiences; that the third-culture perspective relationships with people own cultural perspective to establish meaningful it was hypothesized, for understanding less ethnocentric perspective,

  generalfuture workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: culture perspective sojourner third host people interactions ability gudykunst wiseman hammer cultural uses inter preting
• Dimensions of intercultural effectiveness: An exploratory study (1978) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi

  culture. Rather, interactions link between logical values, assumptions, another culture. The third-culture consists of: (1) openmindedness (2) the ability to empathize with people from other cultures; (3) accuracy in the sojourner’s own and similarities between perceiving differences (5) astute non- culture and the host culture; (4) being nonjudgemental; (6) the critical observers of their own and other people’s behavior; ability in the host (Gudykunst, Wiseman, and culture; and (7) being and Hammer Hammer, (1977) study indicate is the “core” of attitude, affecting both the behavioral and cognitive the cross-cultural the results suggest that the third-culture perspec- components. Further, tive facilitates the interactions with host culture nationals and increases sojourner’s attitudinal satisfaction with living in a foreign culture. is neither from the sojourner’s own culture nor from the host intercultural in general. This third-culture perspective acts as a psycho- (i.e., etc.) and the perspective of 1977). Results of the Gudykunst, Wiseman, the sojourner’s learned behaviors, toward new ideas and experiences; that the third-culture perspective relationships with people own cultural perspective to establish meaningful it was hypothesized, for understanding less ethnocentric perspective,

  generalfuture workevidence 5/5
  Keywords: culture perspective third sojourner host people interactions ability gudykunst wiseman hammer cultural rather link logical
• Predicting Psychological Adaptation from Intercultural Sensitivity and Intergroup Contact through Intergroup Anxiety (2026) · Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies · doi

  There is a need to understand the factors that facilitate psychological adaptation of student sojourners. The study aims to address the gap in the literature on the mediating role of intergroup anxiety in the relationships between intercultural sensitivity and psychological adaptation.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: there need understand factors facilitate psychological adaptation student

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