Limited empirical evidence describing how integrated CSA and NSA interact at the household level

The gap

Evidence profile

Sourced from the recommendations and stated research gap and abstract of the source papers, classified as general, drawn from work published between 2024 and 2026, spanning 4 journals. Those papers have been cited 72 times in total.

Supporting evidence — 5 representative gaps

• Evaluating the Adoption Levels of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices: A Case Study of Mpongwe District, Copperbelt Zambia (2026) · International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies · cited 1× · doi

  for policymakers and development agencies on how to increase CSA uptake in Zambia. The study will also provide valuable insights for smallholder community-based farmers, organizations on the benefits and challenges of CSA, helping them make informed decisions about the adoption of CSA practices. Ultimately, this research will contribute to agricultural enhancing sustainability, and increasing the climate resilience of smallholder farmers in Zambia. improving extension security, officers, food and this

  generalrecommendations
  Keywords: zambia smallholder farmers policymakers development agencies increase uptake provide valuable insights community based organizations benefits
• Effect of climate-smart agricultural practices on food security among smallholder millet farmers in Jigawa State, Nigeria (2026) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi

  The study identifies a gap in the understanding of the effect of CSAPs on food security among smallholder millet farmers. The study highlights the need for increased access to improved inputs, strengthening of extension services, and policy interventions to improve food security.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: study identifies gap understanding effect csaps food security
• Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Decisions to Use Multiple Climate-Smart Agricultural Technologies in North Wello Zone, Northern Ethiopia (2024) · Sustainability · cited 35× · doi

  The complementarities that exist between CSA technologies may require further investigation into how such complementarities have benefits in terms of improving land productivity and food security and reducing climate-related risks for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia and other contexts.

  generalabstractevidence 5/5
  Keywords: complementarities exist technologies require further investigation benefits terms improving land productivity food security reducing climate
• Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Decisions to Use Multiple Climate-Smart Agricultural Technologies in North Wello Zone, Northern Ethiopia (2024) · Sustainability · cited 35× · doi

  The lack of understanding of the determinants of smallholder farmers' adoption of climate-smart agriculture technologies. The need for a comprehensive CSA package within an agroecological framework. The importance of investigating the complementarities between CSA technologies.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: lack understanding determinants smallholder farmers adoption climate-smart agriculture
• Adoption and integration of climate smart and nutrition sensitive agriculture practices: evidence from farmer field school approaches in southern Malawi (2026) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · cited 1× · doi

  There is limited empirical evidence describing how integrated CSA and NSA interact at the household level. The study aims to address this gap by examining the adoption and integration of CSA and NSA practices among smallholder farming households in southern Malawi.

  generalstated research gapevidence 5/5
  Keywords: there limited empirical evidence describing integrated csa nsa

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