Data gaps in Physics

Representative open questions

Showing 30 of 54 — one per source paper, highest-quality first.

• Corpus | Unified Metaphysical Architecture of the Informational Omniverse (2026) · doi

  The mechanism by which 'Distributed Individual and Collective Interface Consciousness' constructs the 'Informational Vector Map' of cosmic space requires operationalization: no dataset, measurement protocol, or neuroscientific methodology is specified for detecting or quantifying distributed collective consciousness effects on cosmic perception.

• Works for 4/24/2026 - Nicolas of Cusa (2026) · doi

  The structural non-equivalence test uses only five independent runs with identical initial condition classes (constant baseline plus two sinusoidal modes plus Gaussian perturbation plus small noise). Robustness of tau ordering under broader parametric variation in initial conditions, boundary perturbations, and functional form of D(x) and D(t) has not been systematically characterized.

• Modeling the TMD shape function in J/ψ electroproduction (2026) · doi

  The analysis reveals that uncertainty in Long Distance Matrix Elements (LDMEs) is larger than non-perturbative parametrization uncertainty, yet the paper does not propose a concrete methodology for LDME extraction in the low-pT region where standard NRQCD factorization fails. Future EIC measurements should be used to perform improved LDME extractions specifically in the TMD kinematic region.

• Pure Time Theory - Application I - From Pure Time to Lived Time - Fundamental chemistry, the living and heritability under axial transport (2026) · doi

  The paper argues that membrane amphiphiles accumulate due to dual-affinity cost minimization (section 6.9) but does not specify the experimental conditions (pH, temperature, ionic strength, available building blocks) under which this spontaneous lipid crystallization occurs or how quickly boundary materialization must proceed relative to gradient dissipation rates.

• Prompt gamma rays from the inelastic scattering of fission neutrons on samarium and dysprosium (2026) · doi

  The detection limit for dysprosium (1.6 mg) is significantly higher than for samarium (0.6 mg) when using the 184.8 keV line of 162Dy. This performance gap due to competing radiative capture contributions in 162Dy and 164Dy requires investigation of alternative gamma-ray lines or isotopes to improve the detection sensitivity for dysprosium in prompt gamma-ray analysis with fission neutrons.

• Entanglement entropy as a probe of topological phase transitions (2026) · doi

  While excellent agreement was achieved between ΔSA and analytical phase boundaries for binary disorder (P=1/2 and P=1/3), the behavior under continuous disorder distributions and correlated disorder patterns (e.g., power-law or exponential correlations in hopping terms) has not been explored.

• Orthorhombic SrVSi2O7 as a potential magnetic second-order topological insulator with spin-polarized hinge states (2026) · doi

  Temperature-dependent transport measurements and magnetization studies on SrVSi2O7 are absent; systematic characterization of bulk magnetism, magnetic ordering temperature, and edge/hinge conductivity as functions of temperature and applied magnetic field are necessary to validate the topological protection of hinge states.

• Multimessenger flare in the quasar PKS 0446+11 (2026) · doi

  The physical parameters of the jet plasma (magnetic field strength, particle energy distribution, Lorentz factor) during the PKS 0446+11 multimessenger flare remain poorly constrained due to lack of polarimetric monitoring data across multiple epochs. Continuous polarization measurements are needed to probe jet magnetization and particle acceleration efficiency.

• Quantum skyrmions and high dimensional entanglement mediated by nanophotonics (2026) · doi

  The quantum state tomography (QST) for high-dimensional entanglement mediated by the nanophotonic platform requires projection onto two different polarization components using waveplates, but the complete characterization of all degrees of freedom (DoF) in the quantum skyrmion states—including both SAM and OAM contributions—and their mutual coherence properties remain incompletely specified.

• "G-D's Physics" New Paradigm's "Triumph": The New UNCIARE-JRH's MAI's UCF Explains Both Cosmic Acceleration & Four Physical Features' Values Increase! (2026) · doi

  The paper claims that the UCF's s*e/t*m computation operates 'for each exhaustive spatial pixel from a to z' to increase all four physical features simultaneously, but provides no specification of the spatial resolution, computational grid density, or voxel dimensions required to implement or test this universal computational formula across the observable universe.

• Neodymium Doped Copper Ferrite Nanocomposites as an Effective Magnetic Catalyst for the Organic Dyes Decomposition (2026) · doi

  The photocatalytic degradation was evaluated only under H2O2-assisted conditions with a single light source intensity. Systematic investigation of reaction kinetics under varying H2O2 concentrations, pH values, initial dye concentrations, and light wavelengths (UV vs. visible spectrum) would establish the operational parameter space and generalizability of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood pseudo-first-order kinetic model across different treatment conditions.

• Dark photon dark matter constraints at the Taiwan Axion Search Experiment with Haloscope (2026) · doi

  The conversion factor calculation assumes isotropic sampling of dark photon polarization directions (θX, ϕX) averaged over discrete scan intervals, but the sensitivity to dark photon polarization states that occur during time gaps between scans (particularly those exceeding 40 minutes) is not quantitatively assessed. Investigation of temporal sampling bias in polarization-dependent detection efficiency would clarify systematic uncertainties.

• Asymmetric Distribution of Fe-peak Elements in Cassiopeia A Revealed by XRISM (2026) · doi

  Stable Ti (predominantly 48Ti) was detected with high significance only in the southeast Fe-rich region of Cassiopeia A, but significant detections in the NW and SW regions were not achieved at present. Future deeper X-ray observations with XRISM/Resolve are explicitly needed to map the spatial distribution of stable Ti across all Fe-rich regions as a tracer of asymmetric explosions and high-entropy plumes.

• Light-induced bimerons in a chiral magnet (2026) · doi

  While the paper demonstrates tuning of laser-induced bimeron density through applied magnetic fields, the quantitative relationship between applied field strength, bimeron nucleation rate, and topological charge distribution during femtosecond laser excitation is not systematically characterized.

• Stellar modeling within regularized 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity in light of current astrophysical constraints (2026) · doi

  Current astrophysical constraints on regularized 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity derive from binary neutron star systems and isolated pulsar observations, but the parameter space accessible through high-mass compact objects (the GW190814 event region) and its intersection with regularized field equation solutions remains underexplored.

• The LOFAR sub-arcsecond view of the high-redshift radio relic in PSZ2 G091.83+26.11 (2026) · doi

  The radio relic power-cluster mass correlation for high-redshift systems (z > 0.6) is currently constrained by only three known clusters; establishing the correlation robustly requires significantly expanding the sample of high-redshift radio relics detected in galaxy clusters to mitigate observational biases including Malmquist bias and projection effects.

• "G-D's Physics" New Twenty-First Century's Paradigm's Resolution of "GRTQM's Theoretical Inconsistency", "Gravitational Enigma" & "Hubble's-Tension"! (2026) · doi

  The paper predicts specific mass increases (1 gram Uranium → 1.000968 km s⁻¹ Mpc grams by Sep. 13, 2026) tied to JRH cycles, but does not specify whether this MAI applies uniformly to all matter types and isotopes, how isotopic composition affects the predicted increase, or whether the formula requires adjustment for different chemical elements or molecular structures.

• G-D's Physics New "Time-Conception": "Basic-Computed" Time, "UNCIAREJRH MAI's Increased Time", "Global Time" & "DEMP & Geulah-Directed Ordered Time"! (2026) · doi

  The paper proposes that Dark Matter's inability to be detected experimentally for twenty years constitutes evidence against its viability, but does not address specific detection methodologies (direct detection experiments, particle physics constraints from LHC) or explain why the proposed UCP would produce different observational signatures in current/planned dark matter search experiments.

• "G-D's Physics" New Twenty-First Century's ACC Paradigm Negates the Old "MCR" Paradigm's GRT "Big-Bang" & QM "Standard Model"! (2026) · doi

  The paper claims that the UNCIARE-JRH's Accelerated Time Rate explanation resolves Hubble's Tension through an annual AMI increase of 0.000968 km s−1 Mpc in the universe's expansion rate, but provides no comparative analysis of observational datasets from Type Ia supernovae surveys, Cosmic Microwave Background measurements, or baryon acoustic oscillations data that would test whether this specific acceleration rate matches empirical H₀ measurements from early vs. late-universe epochs.

• Physics at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (1946–1988) (2023) · doi

  Phase transitions in ferroelectric and ferromagnetic crystals were studied as a separate research group within the crystal growth laboratory, but the paper provides no specific data on transition temperatures, thermodynamic characterization methods, or how crystal defects and growth conditions influence phase transition behavior in the materials investigated.

• Relativistic 56Ni decay lines in GRB 221009A (2026) · doi

  Current MeV neutrino detectors such as Super-Kamiokande and JUNO have sensitivities of roughly 10^-5–10^-4 erg cm^-2 s^-1 for short-duration bursts, which are insufficient to detect the predicted neutrino flux from GRB 221009A.

• Exploring central star variability of planetary nebulae using gaia photometry (2026) · doi

  The forthcoming Gaia DR4, with its longer baseline (66 months versus 34 in DR3), is expected to deliver higher precision and reveal an even larger and more diverse binary population.

• Investigating cosmic strings using large-volume hydrodynamical simulations in the context of JWST's massive UV-bright galaxies (2026) · doi

  Observational stellar mass function estimates may be subject to uncertainties in SED modeling and additional assumptions about the high-redshift IMF, making comparisons less conclusive.

• Hyper-dimensional computing for enhanced label-free particle analysis in a flow-based optical detection system (2026) · doi

  The study employed only four types of polystyrene microparticles with distinct diameters (9, 12, 16, and 20 µm); evaluation on a broader range of particle sizes and material compositions is needed.

• How well can the Mann model describe typhoon turbulence? (2026) · doi

  The time series length was limited to 30 min to avoid non-stationarity issues, which poses a fundamental difficulty as longer time series are required to capture larger turbulent eddies observed at timescales of tens of minutes.

• Size and Magnetization Control of Magnetite NPs via Ethylene Glycol and Temperature for Ferrofluid and Magnetotargeting: Model Experiments (2026) · doi

  The study only tested magnetic field inductions ranging from 0.03 to 0.4 T; investigation of stronger magnetic fields or field gradients is not covered.

• Variable magnetic field and adaptive mixing-length: reproducing Li abundances and constraining rotational evolution of solar-type stars in clusters (2026) · doi

  The study uses data from GDR3.0 and GES DR5.0 for 64 open clusters, but previous work by Caballero et al. (2020) used only 1 cluster from Sestito & Randich (2005), indicating the need for consistent comparative datasets.

• Deep-ultraviolet plasmonic molybdenum nanoholes for adenine detection via deep-learning-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (2026) · doi

  The CNN model was trained on a relatively limited dataset of 49 SERS spectra from a single adenine concentration series, which may limit generalization to other biomolecules or detection scenarios.

• Ultrathin Quarter-Waveplates Based on Two-Dimensional Anisotropic NbOCl2 (2026) · doi

  Long-term environmental stability and degradation mechanisms of NbOCl2 waveplates under exposure to moisture, oxygen, and UV radiation need to be characterized.

• Improving the Spectral Efficiency of Multiuser Multiple Antenna Millimeter Wave System Using Enhanced Kalman-Based Hybrid Precoder (2026) · doi

  The evaluation is limited to specific SNR conditions (SNR = 20 dB); comprehensive performance analysis across a wider range of SNR values and different channel models is needed.