Validation gaps in Social Science

Representative open questions

Showing 25 of 29 — one per source paper, highest-quality first.

• Adequacy and Utilization of Physical Resources: Implications for Effective Teaching and Learning (2026) · doi

  While the study measured resource adequacy and utilization in public secondary schools using the AURTLOQ questionnaire and WAEC checklist, it did not assess whether these instruments are equally valid for detecting resource gaps in extremely remote or newly-constructed schools. Validation research is needed to determine instrument sensitivity across different school infrastructure age categories and geographic remoteness levels.

• Undergraduate occupational medicine tuition in UK schools of medicine (2011) · doi

  The accuracy of reported occupational medicine teaching topics and contact hours depends on respondent knowledge and estimation accuracy; validation studies are needed to cross-check self-reported occupational medicine curriculum data against actual course syllabi, teaching schedules, and assessment records at UK medical schools.

• Profil Kesiapan Siswa pada Pembelajaran Biologi Berbasis Deep Learning Berdasarkan Self-Regulation dan Critical Thinking di Kelas X SMA (2026) · doi

  The integration of innovative and emotionally engaging learning environments within deep learning biology instruction lacks systematic documentation; research should measure the specific relationship between sustained emotional engagement, joy in learning, and achievement in deep learning outcomes across multiple time points and learner populations.

• Exploring communication strategies and cultural inheritance of music education in the context of globalisation in China (2026) · doi

  The study identifies fusion as a pedagogical bridge for balancing global music trends with cultural inheritance in Chinese music education, but lacks empirical measurement of how fusion-based instruction (using digital tools like MIDI keyboards and DAWs) affects long-term student retention rates and sustained engagement with traditional Chinese music versus control classrooms using conventional instruction methods.

• Understanding digital health technology implementation in rehabilitation and development of the Rehabilitation Technologies Implementation model (2026) · doi

  The Rehabilitation Technologies Implementation model was generated through triangulation of qualitative interview themes with existing models, but the excerpt does not describe validation of this new model against real-world implementation outcomes. Future work should test the Rehabilitation Technologies Implementation model prospectively across multiple neurological conditions and rehabilitation settings to assess its predictive validity for technology adoption rates and implementation success.

• Pupuh Raehan Sebagai Basis Model Pembelajaran Digital-Interaktif pada Pendidikan Seni di SMK (2026) · doi

  The study measured student confidence and creativity development in Pupuh Raehan performance through qualitative interviews and documentation, but did not employ standardized psychometric instruments or rubrics to quantify affective outcomes and creative variation within the traditional pupuh structure.

• Learning Topography and Its Impact on Student Behavior: The Use of Microsoft Excel and AutoCAD as an Innovation in an Algerian University (2026) · doi

  The research demonstrates that innovation improves student motivation and engagement in topography courses, but lacks validation across different institutional contexts within Algeria or comparative analysis with topography programs in institutions with differing infrastructure levels and resource availability.

• Stakeholder Collaboration in Managing Student Behavior and School Discipline: A Cambodian Primary School Case Study (2026) · doi

  The paper demonstrates that Buddhist monks and NGOs function as legitimate components of the disciplinary ecosystem in Cambodian schools but does not empirically test whether formalization of these roles (through written protocols, training standards, or contractual agreements) would improve disciplinary outcomes compared to current organic coordination. Research should conduct a quasi-experimental evaluation comparing formalized versus informal multi-stakeholder coordination models.

• Wokeness as a Factor Shaping Teachers’ Conceptions Learners with Special Needs (LSN) vis-à-vis Inclusive Education (2026) · doi

  The study documents how Filipino teachers practice responsible ethical communication online regarding disability and inclusion, but lacks empirical measurement of the actual impact of teachers' online posts on learner perceptions of disability and inclusive values. Future research should quantitatively assess whether teachers' ethical online communication strategies meaningfully influence learners' attitudes toward peers with special needs.

• Biology, Ethics, and Debunking Arguments (2021) · doi

  The paper presents Street's evolutionary coincidence objection and Sturgeon's genetic fallacy counterargument but does not empirically test whether moral beliefs demonstrably track moral truth across different cultural populations or evolutionary contexts. Controlled comparative studies examining the correlation between fitness-driven moral intuitions and objective normative principles across diverse societies are needed to adjudicate this theoretical dispute.

• Teachers’ perceptions of obstacles to adapting assessment and instructional materials for students with learning disabilities in mainstream education (2026) · doi

  The study finds no statistically significant differences based on gender or educational qualification (bachelor's vs. postgraduate), but does not examine whether specialized postgraduate training programs focused specifically on assessment adaptation and instructional material modification for learning disabilities produce measurable differences in teacher capability or student outcomes compared to general teacher preparation.

• Media Framing of Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Content Analysis of US News Coverage (2026) · doi

  While the authors reference a survey finding that frequent AI users report benefits whereas infrequent users assume cheating/safety risks, no integrated analysis connects media framing patterns to actual user adoption behavior or belief formation. Research combining content analysis of media frames with pre- and post-exposure surveys measuring shifts in educator and administrator attitudes toward generative AI would test whether risk-dominant framing causally influences institutional resistance.

• Percepções de discentes e docentes sobre o currículo da licenciatura em matemática da FECLI/UECE (2026) · doi

  The paper identifies a disconnection between academic mathematics and basic education school practices (desconexão between matemática acadêmica and realidade escolar), but lacks a detailed comparative analysis of specific mathematical content in the licentiature curriculum versus the actual mathematical competencies required for secondary education teaching practice.

• Radiology artificial intelligence for prioritized imaging and diagnosis of lung cancer: qualitative interview analysis of stakeholder perspectives in Northern Ireland (2026) · doi

  The optimal format for AI education differs between public and clinical audiences, with clinicians preferring practical workshops, CPD courses, and e-learning/webinars that fit working patterns, while the public requires accessible formats via social media and schools. No comparative effectiveness study has tested which educational delivery methods actually improve AI understanding and confidence in radiology AI for lung cancer prioritization.

• Student Silence in Bangladeshi Tertiary-level EFL Classrooms: A Mixed-Method Study of Factors, Perceptions, and Recommendations (2026) · doi

  Methodologically, future studies may apply Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), McDonald's Omega, or Composite Reliability (CR) to strengthen instrument validation.

• Emotional intelligence and intercultural growth: Examining affective dimensions in the EFL public speaking classroom (2026) · doi

  Comparative studies between survey-based and ethnographic approaches could enrich the understanding of how EI is practiced in real-life communication situations.

• Toward Partnership Ethics for Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education (2026) · doi

  The paper proposes concrete classroom activities aligned with partnership ethics (AI-generated output analysis, comparing student writing with genAI outputs, environmental impact reflection), but their effectiveness and implementation challenges require further empirical investigation.

• The Changes inPre-Service Chemistry Teachers OrientationsTowards Chemistry TeachingDuring Chemistry Teaching Method Courses (2022) · doi

  In this study, the reflection of participants' orientations was observed in an artificial classroom at CTMC-II, not in a real classroom. Pre-service chemistry teachers' lessons should be observed in real classrooms to understand their enacted orientations in further studies.

• The effectiveness of applying realistic mathematics education approach with the support of GeoGebra software (RME-SBG) in teaching calculus for high school students: A case of teaching the concept of derivatives (2026) · doi

  Long-term follow-up studies are needed to assess whether the conceptual understanding and engagement gains observed in this study persist over extended periods and transfer to subsequent mathematics courses.

• Navigating the digital landscape: The impact of social media on higher education enrolment and beyond (2026) · doi

  The study appears limited to qualitative analysis of interview data from social media managers; quantitative empirical validation across larger sample sizes and multiple institutions is needed.

• The Influence of Kinemaster Application-Based Learning Media and Learning Environment on Student Learning Motivation at SD Katolik 1 Santo Yohanes Tomohon (2026) · doi

  The study should be replicated across multiple elementary schools and different geographical regions to validate findings and improve generalizability.

• The Influence of Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions of Educational Technologies on Lesson Planning and Learning Performance (2026) · doi

  The study did not explore long-term effects of educational technology integration on sustained learning outcomes or whether benefits persist over time.

• Effects of Industry 4.0 on Business Models (2026) · doi

  The analysis focuses on qualitative interview data but does not validate findings through quantitative methods or longitudinal studies to measure sustained business model changes.

• Quando a matemática encontra a ludicidade: percepções docentes sobre a ludicidade no ensino médio (2026) · doi

  The study does not empirically validate whether ludic activities actually improve student learning outcomes in mathematics; teachers' perceptions alone do not guarantee meaningful learning.

• Student experiences in a computational physics lab through the lens of physics computational literacy (2025) · doi

  The framework of Physics Computational Literacy needs to be applied and tested in other learning contexts beyond this computational physics lab curriculum to advance theoretical development.